Antropomotoryka nr 55.indb - Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego w ...

Kamila Czajka, Teresa Sławińska
the tapping test results are in connection with the musculature
of the upper limb, and in girls – with physical
activity.
Among the analyzed independent variables, only
the degree of body adiposity is significant for the development
of boys’ speed skills. A lower level of endomorphic
component saturation fosters obtaining better results
in the shuttle run, and the correlation coefficient assumes
here the value of R = 0.32. Whereas among girls no relationships
between the selected somatic parameters
and manifestations of speed skills were noticed, and
the only independent variable in the model is the time
spent on passive activities. The relationship of the shuttle
run and the time spent weekly on passive activities
took a negative direction, and the correlation coefficient
is the lowest, i.e. R = 0.23.
The analysis of the relationships between the static
strength of the hand and the selected somatic traits in
the subjects indicates that for that type of motor abilities
general size of the limbs seems to be vital. Higher
musculature of the arm in both sexes and larger biepicondylar
breadths of the femur in boys and of the humerus
in girls promote better scores in hand grip on the
dynamometer. The enumerated somatic parameters
are vital for gaining the highest multiple correlation
coefficient in girls, R = 0.54, and in boys, only slightly
higher – R = 0.55.
Discussion
Biological phenomena are of complex nature due to
a unique combination of traits in an individual under
varied conditions and factors. The course of developmental
processes depends on the stage of ontogenesis
the examined population is at. The calendar age bracket
taken into account in this research, 16–18 years, is
already a post-pubertal period for girls, and for the majority
of boys this is still a pubertal period. During this
time the differences between the somatic structure and
the level of motor activity of boys and girls arise and
solidify. Thus, there is no doubt that both sexes differ
in the examined period quite significantly, whereas the
analyses conducted in this paper aim to explain which,
among the features taken into consideration, shape the
motor activity of boys and girls in this time the strongest.
In this paper the state of motor development is considered
in a few respects: age, sex, somatic structure
and active, or not, way of spending free time. In the
examined period the calendar age takes, relatively, the
most modest share in the differentiation of motor agility
of the youth. The researches on the development
of girls’ motor skills indicate that the majority of them
ends their development between the 13 th and 15 th year
of life [38, 39, 40, 41]. In boys the discussed developmental
processes last longer [42, 39, 40, 41]. Sex
differences at the time and in the course of the developmental
changeability of motor skills are emphasized,
among others, by Przewęda [43], according to whom,
because of morphological changes, taking place later
in girls, in the male sex one can observe the development
of strength skills lasting longer. Also, locomotive
speed shows in boys the progression of results in time,
whereas in peer girls this process has ended, which is
confirmed by the research results obtained by, among
others, Osiński [44] Przewęda and Dobosz [41], and
Migasiewicz [45].
The obtained results, while emphasizing the importance
of the two examined areas: somatic structure and
physical activity in the shaping of human motor activity,
confirm many observations made before [42, 24, 46,
47, 13]. Malina and collaborators [46] indicate the negative
relationship between body adiposity and physical
fitness.
Similarly, the results of longitudinal research conducted
by Minck and collaborators [47] show that body
adiposity is inversely associated with the results of the
majority of agility trials in both sexes, and physical activity
is a factor more frequently related to the level of
physical fitness of women than that of men. The authors
of the paper also stress that body adiposity and
physical activity should be perceived as independent
factors connected with physical fitness. Many authors
also underline greater significance of body length parameters
than body weight for the results of agility trials
[46, 47, 48, 13]. At the same time, the significance of
the muscle mass participation in the total body weight
as an element of body build associated with physical
fitness is emphasized [48]. The results of the research
carried out by Milde and collaborators [13] based on
the analysis of the relationships between the somatic
factors and the results of Eurofit test trials among girls
with Turner’s syndrome (nanism) and healthy ones indicate
the greater participation of body height than body
weight in achieving results in the majority of motor trials
of the Eurofit test.
The calendar age of girls, whose results are analyzed
in this paper, is characterized by considerable
slowing down and often also by the ceasing of the process
of body growth in length contrary to boys. This
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