Antropomotoryka nr 55.indb - Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego w ...

Development of spatial and temporal orientation abilities in winter sport competitors
110
100
a) b)
110
100
90
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time (s)
70
time (s)
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7
next measurements
next measurements
Figure 2. Changes in arithmetic mean of proper reactions obtained in cross apparatus in the athletic group in individual tests:
a) men; b) women
Table 1. Results from Friedman significance test for differences for multiple dependent samples, χ 2 statistics and Kendall’s coefficient
of concordance τ (values calculated for 7 measurements for athletic groups and 4 measurements for control groups)
Group
ZSMS man
ZSMS woman
ZSE man
ZSE woman
Friedman ANOVA test and Kendall’s τ
Trial
n χ 2 p τ
PA 21 106,38 0,00000 0,84
CA 21 103,40 0,00000 0,82
PA 12 64,28 0,00000 0,89
CA 12 57,34 0,00000 0,80
PA 40 61,92 0,00000 0,52
CA 40 47,99 0,00000 0,40
PA 19 39,12 0,00000 0,69
CA 19 29,93 0,00000 0,53
statistical essential values were distinguished in bold type
Legend: PA – Piórkowski apparatus ; CA– cross apparatus; p – significance level; χ 2 – chi-squared statistics ; τ–Kendall’s coefficient
of concordance
Particularly significant changes were observed in
those athletes for whom Kendall’s coefficient of concordance
τ adopted the values below 0.8 and the statistics
χ 2 was over 100. Similar values were observed in
female athletes.
In order to assess whether the observed changes
are a consequence of natural development or, in the
case of athletic group, the result of higher physical activity,
the indexes normalized for athletic group against
the control group were calculated. In the case of the
results from cross apparatus, coefficient signs for indexes
were changed in order to allow for easier data
interpretation (Fig. 3).
Analysis of the obtained values of normalized indexes
(NV) reveals hardly recurred differences in the level
of spatial and temporal orientation abilities between researched
groups. Only in the 6 th and 7 th research in the
male group (p < 0.03; p < 0.05) and in the 7 th in female
group (p < 0.01) these differences are significant. But
in accordance to Piórkowski and cross apparatus, the
values of NV exceed significantly the value of 0.6s (p <
0.01; p < 0.15) only in the case of the last research in female
group (Fig. 3a). In the other cases the advantage
of athletic group is not significant (p < 0.05).
In order to provide statistical verification of insignificant
differentiation between both groups, its signifi-
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