Antropomotoryka nr 55.indb - Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego w ...

E. Cieśla, E. Mleczko, M. Markowska, G. Nowak-Starz, H. Król, Z. Domagała, A. Przychodni, B. Zawadzka
Table 2. Physical fitness description of 6-year-olds children’s groups – stage I.
Characteristics –
Physical fitness
Boys
Girls
N x – ± SD N x – ± SD
p
Balance [n/min] 9544 15,5 ±14,73 9938 14,73 ± 7,24 0,001
Plate tapping [s] 16398 24,33 ± 5,81 15695 24,79 ± 5,76 0,001
Sit and reach [cm] 13666 0,62 ± 5,65 13087 2,07 ± 5,51 0,001
Standing-broad jump [cm] 13614 101,91 ± 20,01 13059 94,34 ± 18,43 0,001
Sit and ups [n/30 s] 12125 10,50 ± 4,47 11533 10,02 ± 4,40 0,001
Arm hang [s] 10280 19,95 ± 9,83 10597 18,8 ± 9,6 0,001
Speed shuttle run10x5m [s] 13584 26,95 ± 3,77 13050 27,58 ± 3,72 0,001
taneous physical activity. The total number of the researched
children fluctuated depending on the test performed.
The biggest number of children were not able to
accomplish the balance trial. The total proportion of children
who had difficulties in one-leg standing amounted
to 41.78% of the total number of the researched children
(boys more frequently than girls did not accomplish the
task). The other tests difficult for children were the following:
straight-arm hang time trial assessing strength
of arms and sit-ups (a series of forward bends from
lying position) assessing abdominal muscles power.
However, the proportion of children who were not able to
accomplish these tasks was considerably lower than in
case of “flamingo balance” (general body balance) and
amounted to 37.61% and 29.30% respectively. During
the research on 6-year-old children, a significant dimorphism
was proved. Boys were distinguished by higher
average parameters in physical performance tests. Girls
were more flexible and achieved better results in the
body balance test (Table 2).
Having the research results analyzed, significant
disproportions in the level of 6-year-old children’s motor
abilities between the groups distinguished by the place
of residence (living in either urban or rural areas) were
proved. In case of boys, the most important differences
were revealed in flexibility (a forward bend from upright
sitting position), explosive strength of lower limbs (standing
broad jump), as well as strength of arms (straightarm
hang trial), (p ≤ 0.001). In case of the rest of fitness
test trials, slight differences were noticed but not proved
by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) – Table 3. Similar
changes were found in the group of girls. The differences
proved by the analysis of variance were visible in
flexibility, strength of arms (p ≤ 0.05), explosive strength
of lower limbs and running speed (p ≤ 0.001) – Table 4.
It must be emphasized that in case of both sexes, only
in straight-arm hang trial rural children achieved better
average results. As far as the other fitness test trials are
concerned, children living in rural areas achieved lower
level of development.
Table 3. The test F value for physical fitness in boys according place of residence.
Boys
Characteristics –
physical fitness
City
Village
F
p
x – SD x – SD
Sit and reach [cm] 0,78 5,82 0,41 5,38 16,316 0,001
Standing broad jump [cm] 102,51 19,89 101,06 20,29 19,309 0,001
Sit and ups [n/30 s] 10,51 4,49 10,06 4,39 0,357 0,55
Arm hang [s] 19,45 9,78 20,79 9,83 41,705 0,001
Speed shuttle run [s] 26,93 3,82 27,77 3,68 2,755 0,091
– 58 –