Database - United Nations in Bangladesh
Database - United Nations in Bangladesh
Database - United Nations in Bangladesh
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118 People's Report 2002-2003 : <strong>Bangladesh</strong> Environment<br />
Table 5.2.2 A Comparative Study of the Four Types of Kilns be<strong>in</strong>g Used <strong>in</strong> <strong>Bangladesh</strong><br />
Parameter Bull's Trench Kiln Fixed Chimney Kiln Zigzag Kiln Hoffman Kiln<br />
1. Initial <strong>in</strong>vestment (Tk.) 2,500,000 4,00,000 4,000,000 32,000,000<br />
2. Work<strong>in</strong>g capital (Tk.) 1,00,000 900,000 900,000 7,500,000<br />
3. Land 1 ha, of which 0.4 1 ha, of which 0.4 1 ha, of which 0.4 M<strong>in</strong>imum 4 ha<br />
used round the year used round the year used round the round the year<br />
rest only dur<strong>in</strong>g rest only dur<strong>in</strong>g year rest only<br />
production production dur<strong>in</strong>g production<br />
4. Inputs (a) Clay 2,830 m 3<br />
5. Fuel (per 100,000<br />
Consumption bricks)<br />
Source : Gomes and Hossa<strong>in</strong> (2003)<br />
(b) Labour 200 (5% skilled, 200 (15% skilled, 200 (15% skilled, 400 (25% skilled,<br />
10% semi-skilled, 15% semi-skilled, 15% semi-skilled, 45% semi-skilled,<br />
rest unskilled) rest unskilled) rest unskilled) rest unskilled)<br />
(c) Electricity Not essential Not essential Necessary on Necessary -<br />
Small scale electricity outage<br />
hamper production<br />
(d) Fuel Coal/Gas Coal/Gas Coal/Gas<br />
98% use coal 98% use coal 98% use coal<br />
26-30 tonnes 22-26 tonnes 22-26 tonnes 15,000-17,000 m 3<br />
6. Pollution Severe Pollution Pollution Pollution Very Little Pollution<br />
7. Production Period November to November to November to Round the Year<br />
mid-April mid-April mid-April<br />
8. Wastage (%) 10-12 5-8 5-8 15-18<br />
9. Quality of bricks Medium Good Good Very Good<br />
10. Sale price (per 1000<br />
bricks)<br />
2200-2500 2200-2500 2200-2500 3000-3200<br />
Gas<br />
Table 5.2.3 CO 2 Reduction Potential of the Hoffman Kiln and VSBK<br />
Source : Gomes and Hossa<strong>in</strong> (2003)<br />
Note<br />
: BTK : Bull's Trench Kiln<br />
VSBK : Vertical Shaft Brick Kiln<br />
Basis : 100,000 bricks produced<br />
Conversion Factors : Heat<strong>in</strong>g Value of Coal = 20.93 GJ/t<br />
Heat<strong>in</strong>g Value of Natural Gas = 35 MJ/m 3<br />
CO 2 emission of coal = 94.6 t CO 2 / TJ<br />
CO 2 emission of natural gas = 56.1 t CO 2 / TJ<br />
BTK Hoffman VSBK<br />
Fuel Coal Natural Gas Coal<br />
Fuel Consumption per brick 0.28 kg 0.1632 m 3 0.17 kg<br />
Total Fuel 28 t 16320 m 3 20 t<br />
Total energy consumption 586 GJ 571 GJ 419 GJ<br />
CO 2 emission 55.4t 32.0t 39.6 t<br />
CO 2 emission reduction compared to BTK (%)<br />
_<br />
42 28.5