Database - United Nations in Bangladesh

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Land and Agriculture 47 Table 1.3.32 Some Reported Side-effects of Agricultural Pesticides on Birds and Mammals in (Sub) Tropical Climates Country Pesticide 1 (g ai/ha) Cropping System Effects Source Chad Endrin/DDT 300/ Cotton Direct mortality of several species of birds attributed to sprays Everaarts 900 (30x) of endrin and seed dressings of dieldrin (based on residue et. al., 1971 DDT Endosulfan/ analysis). No important insecticide accumulation found in fish 700/500/250 eating birds. M-parathion Egypt Not specified Cotton Reduction of populations of several species of birds of prey, Mullie and e.g. black kite (Milvus migrans), black shouldered hawk Meininger, (Elanus caeruleus) and other birds, e.g. cattle egret (Bubulcus 1985 ibis) and hooded crow (Corvus corone), correlated with intensive cotton growing. Zinc phosphide Not specified Assumed secondary poisoning of foxes (Vulpes spp.) Idem USA Parathion, EPN Cotton Reduction of productivity up to 50% of a colony of laughting White (Texas) gulls (Larus atricilla). Reduction of AChE to 98% Detected in et. al. 1983 dead birds. Gulls appeared to be attracted to cotton fields at spraying, which resulted in some acute mortality and contaminated food being brought into the colony. Israel Thallium sulfate 15 Mainly grains, After introduction of TS as a rodenticide against mice and voles, Mendelssoin, grains - 2% alfalfa, clover widespread mortality occurred in granivorous bids and raptors. 1972 High amounts of TS found in livers of dead birds. Some species of raptors almost completely disappeared. After discontinuation of TS-use a slight improvement of population of some birds of prey was observed. Zimbabwe Organochlorines Not specified Residues of DDE in eggs of a range of birds were higher Tannock in urban and agricultural regions compared to relatively et. al., 1983 virginal areas. In some raptors residue levels approached those that can hamper reproduction. Guam DDT Not specified Decline of bird population is general and insectivorous Jenkins, birds in particular. DDE residues in upper layers of guano 1983 deposits contained more DDE residues (0-10 ppm) than from lower layers. Senegal Carbofuran 400-500 Rice (paddy) Low bird densities, especially Charadriidae, in fields that Verway (gramules) were treated with pesticides compared to untreated fields. et. al., 1986 2,4-D Birds ingesting carbofuran granules died on the spot 1200 Proporall 2000 USA Carbofuran Rice 106 Birds (11 species) found dead in and around 42 ha Flickinger (Texas) 40% (flowable) (unflooded) rice field. Residues in dead birds of carbofuran (average et. al., 1986 (illegal seed 3.4 ppm in GI-tracts). AChE inhibition of more than 50% treatment) (1x) in 31% of animals; between 20-50% in 13% of animals. Although malathion was also used in the field, mortality was related to carbofuran (MIS) use. USA Carbofuram 560 (1x) Rice (flooded) Some mortality of birds the day after application. Four Flickinger (Texas) Aerial application; sandpipers had 1-8 granules carbofuran in their et al., 1980 Granules stomachs. his was probably enough to have killed them. USA Aldrin 280 Rice (flooded) 54 and 60 dead/dying snow geese (Chen c. Flickinger (Texas) (seed dressing) caerulescens) found in and around rice field in two et. al., 1979 seasons. Dieldrin residues in braine averaged 8.2 ppm in moribund and 14.1 ppm in dead geese (lethal concentrations). [Contd.]
48 People's Report 2002-2003 : Bangladesh Environment Table 1.3.32 Country Pesticide 1 (g at/ha) Cropping System Effects Source Australia Dieldrin 1.1 kg/ha Pasture Pre-sowing soil treatment. After treatments, persistent residues Gilbert and (1x ) Heptachlor were found in soil and pasture and grazing stock, although Lewis, 1982 1.1 kg/ha (1x) residues declined over the trial period (3 years). Stock residues (not specified in a.i. in many cases exceeded the 0.15 and 0.20 ppm maximum or formulation) residue limits for the fat of milk and meat. Similar residues were found in additional cattle introduced after 15 months. Source: Valk and Koeman (1988) Note 1 : All doses expressed as unless stated otherwise; if no dose-rate is given, it was not specified in the article Table 1.3.33 Side-effects of Pesticides in Vector Control: Terrestrial Invertebrates Country Pesticide Dose 1 Appli cation 2 Reported effects Source Tsetse Control Cameroon Dieldrin 750-900 g/ha H Estimated 10% reduction of overground invertebrates Muller (fallout on sheets on the ground). Reduction of et. al. 1981 solidwelling arthropods after sprays (pitfalls), but almost complete restoration during subsequtn dry season. Possibly large part of lepidoptera wiped out and not returned a year later. (NB: no control area investigated). Nigerai Dieldrin 900 g/ha H Spiders, Hymenoptera and Hemiptera found dead in Koeman large numbers after spraying. et. al. 1978 Dieldrin 800 g/ha H Insectgs and spiders found dead after spraying. Marked mortality amount ants (Hymenoptera). Endomulfan 800 g/ha H Insects and spiders founddead after spraying. Marked mortality among ants, other Hymenopters, Coleoptera, Diptera. Residual effect lasts approximately 5 days Ivory Endosulfan 267 g/ha (5x) H Knockdown of many insects after spraying (funnel traps); Everts Coast especially ants, other Hymenoptera, Diptera. Flying et. al. 1983 insects reduced (Malaise traps). Recovery after each application. No apparent long term effect on entomofauna. 10/267 (5x) H No effect observed on indoor resting anophellnemalaria mosquitos. Reduction of culicine mosquitos which was pemanent during spray period. No clear effect on dusk bitting captures of both groups, nor on species composition and number in ovitraps. (NB: no control area investigated). Ivory Cypermethrin 71-143 g/ha G Marked effects on arthropnd fauna, observed, Everts Coast Deltamethrin 112 g/ha cypermethrin: reduction of Araneae, Ephydridae, et. al. 1985 Permethrin 121 g/ha Prototrupoidae, increase in Homoptera, Stratiomyidae, (all 1x) permethrii reduction in Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Ephydridae, Chloropidae, Muscidae, Ichneumonoidae, Chalcidoidae, Proctotrupoidae, deltamethrin: reduction in Orthoptera, Muscidae, Proctotrupoidae. Increase in Nematocera. (Pitfall traps, Malaise traps). All affected taxa but one (a proctotrupoid genus) showed recovery within 2 months. [Contd.]
Page 2 and 3:
People's Report 2002-2003 BANGLADES
Page 4 and 5:
First published December 2004 © Un
Page 6 and 7:
vi Table 1.2.26 Arsenic Concentrati
Page 8 and 9:
viii Table 3.1.1.4 Numbers and Area
Page 10 and 11:
x Table 6.1.3 Supply and Consumptio
Page 12 and 13: xii Table 9.1.9 Casualty Distributi
Page 14 and 15: Acknowledgements People's Report 20
Page 16: Chapter 1 Land and Agriculture 1.1
Page 19 and 20: 4 People's Report 2002-2003 : Bangl
Page 21 and 22: Table 1.1.6 Summary of Tea Garden L
Page 23 and 24: 8 People's Report 2002-2003 : Bangl
Page 25 and 26: Table 1.2.7 The Summary of Concentr
Page 27 and 28: 12 People's Report 2002-2003 : Bang
Page 41 and 42: Table 1.2.38 Crop Variety Developed
Page 61: 46 People's Report 2002-2003 : Bang
Page 70 and 71: Forestry 55 2.1 Basic Statistics Ta
Page 72 and 73: Forestry 57 Table 2.1.5 The 15 Noti
Page 74 and 75: Forestry 59 Table 2.1.7 Management
Page 76 and 77: Forestry 61 2.2 Forest Product Tabl
Page 78 and 79: Forestry 63 Table 2.3.5 Estimated P
Page 80 and 81: Forestry 65 Table 2.3.6 Species Nam
Page 82 and 83: Forestry 67 Table 2.3.6 Species Nam
Page 84 and 85: Forestry 69 Table 2.3.8 Species nam
Page 86: Chapter 3 Fisheries and Livestock 3
Page 104 and 105: Water 89 4.1 Surface Water, Flood a
Page 106 and 107: Table 4.1.5 Flood Affected Areas, M
Page 108 and 109: Table 4.1.5 Flood begins (Date) Aff
Page 110 and 111: Table 4.1.5 Flood begins (Date) Aff
Page 112 and 113:
Table 4.1.7 Flood Affected Areas, M
Page 114 and 115:
Table 4.1.7 Thana Union Affected Fa
Page 116 and 117:
Table 4.1.7 Thana Union Affected Fa
Page 118 and 119:
Water 103 Table 4.2.2 Regional Vari
Page 120 and 121:
Water 105 Table 4.2.6 Source of Wat
Page 122 and 123:
Water 107 Table 4.2.13 Water Pricin
Page 124 and 125:
Water 109 4.3 Water Quality Table 4
Page 126 and 127:
Water 111 Table 4.3.2b Cr (mg/L) Co
Page 128:
Chapter 5 Industry 5.1 Waste Genera
Page 131 and 132:
116 People's Report 2002-2003 : Ban
Page 133 and 134:
Page 136 and 137:
Energy 121 6.1 Energy Source and Co
Page 138 and 139:
Energy 123 Table 6.2.2 Existing Co-
Page 140 and 141:
Energy 125 6.3 Natural Gas and Oil
Page 142 and 143:
Energy 127 Table 6.3.4 Natural Gas
Page 144:
Chapter 7 Urbanization 7.1 People a
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
134 People's Report 2002 : Banglade
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 160 and 161:
Population Health and Nutrition 145
Page 162 and 163:
Population Health and Nutrition 147
Page 164 and 165:
Table 8.3.5 Status of Urban Water a
Page 166 and 167:
Table 8.3.5 Sirajganj Natore Naogao
Page 168 and 169:
Table 8.3.5 Gaibandha Kurigram Lalm
Page 170 and 171:
Table 8.3.6 Population Shallow Tube
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Table 8.3.6 Population District: Th
Page 180:
Chapter 9 Transport and Communicati
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 190 and 191:
Climate 175 10.1 Rainfall Table 10.
Page 192 and 193:
Climate 177 10.2 Global Climate Cha
Page 194 and 195:
Climate 179 Table 10.2.5 Changes in
Page 196 and 197:
Climate 181 Table 10.3.4 Main Areas
Page 198 and 199:
References CHAPTER 1 Ahmed, M. F.,
Page 200 and 201:
References 185 Razzaque, M. A. (200
Page 202 and 203:
References 187 CHAPTER 6 Alam, M.,
Page 204:
References 189 Iqbal, M. A., Ahmed,
show all

Database - United Nations in Bangladesh

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?