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Land and Agriculture 41 Table 1.3.30a Wild Bees Reported to Pollinate Crops in the Tropics and Subtropics Species Crop Country 2 Rating 3 Megachiudae Anthidinm sp. Forage legumes Iran *** A. forentinum Lucerne USA ex Iran ** Chalicodoma spp Lucerne Egype *** C. flavipes Lucerne India, Egypt, Cyprus *** Lithurgus atratus Cotton India *** Megachile spp. Forage legumes Egypt *** M. femorata Lucerne India ** M. Flavipes Lucerne India **/* M. lanata Cajanus Inducus, India ** Sun temp, pigron pea M. nana Lucerne India *** M. Patellimana Lucerne, berseem Egypt *** M. Rotundata Lucerne Chile *** M. Submucidae Berseem Egypt *** O. submicans Peas, brassica, berseem Egypt *** Anthophorlade Braunsapis sp. Lucerne India * Ceratina binghami Lucerne, legumes cucurbits India */**/*** Melissodes sp. Cotton W. Hemisphere *** Xylocopa fenestrata Luffa aegyptiaca India * Solanum melongena * Crotalaria juncea ** Cucurbita pepo *** X. mordax Yellow passion fruit St. Vincent *** X. pubescens Luffa aegyptiaca India * Solanum melongena * Crotalaria juncea ** X. sonorina Passion fruit Hawaii *** Apidae Melipona spp. Litchi Chinensis Vanilla spp. India *** M. guadrifasciata Coffee Brazil * Trigona spp. Phaseolus Vulgaris India * [Contd.]
42 People's Report 2002-2003 : Bangladesh Environment Table 1.3.30a Species Crop Country 2 Rating 3 Trigona spp. Papaya Venezuela * Passion fruit Brazil * Mango, litchi, spondias India ** T. jaty Cacao W. Africa * T. ruficrus Cucurbita pepo Brazil *** Halictidae Halictus sp. Iucerne Egypt ** Nomia Unidentata Berseem, Lucerne Egypt ** Adrenidae Adrena ilerda Toria, sarson,raya, taramira India *** A. legena Brassica spp., Eruca sativa India *** Melittidae Melitta leporina Lucerne Asia *** Source : Crane and Walker (1983) 1 Note : 1: References of all cases listed are given in Crane and Walker, 1983 2: Only tropical and subtropical developing countries are listed. References of pollination in substropical areas of USA and Japan in Crane and Walker (1983) 3: Rating : * : very important ** : important *** : of unknown or lesser importance Table 1.3.30b Some Examples of Pesticide Poisoning of Bees in Field Situations (agricultural pesticide use) Country Pesticide Crop Effect Source Jamaica Malathion (2 kg ai/ha) Sugar Ist day high mortality in the field and Metcalfe, (single application) cane around hive. In long term no effect found 1967 in 23 out of 24 colonies. More effects expected from repeated observations. Aldicarb (3 kg asi/ha) Alfalfa Reduction of reproduction of Megachile Johansen, (granules in soi)l rotundata (Systemic pesticide) 1979 Dimethoate (10 kg ai/ha) Alfalfa Mortality in M. Rotundata (Systemic Johansen, (granules in soil) pesticide: nectar contamination) 1979 India Endosulfan (0.1%) Brassica Caged bees sprayed when crop was Kapil and Menazon (0.05%) Campestris partly blooming. Mortality was 10-15 x Lamba, (no amounts given) higher is sprayed parts of the field than 1974 in control. Endosulfan remained toxic longer than menazon. After 7 days no differences were found a nymore between control and treatments. [Contd.]
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People's Report 2002-2003 BANGLADES
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First published December 2004 © Un
Page 6 and 7: vi Table 1.2.26 Arsenic Concentrati
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Table 4.1.5 Flood Affected Areas, M
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Table 4.1.5 Flood begins (Date) Aff
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Table 4.1.5 Flood begins (Date) Aff
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Table 4.1.7 Flood Affected Areas, M
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Table 4.1.7 Thana Union Affected Fa
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Table 4.1.7 Thana Union Affected Fa
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Water 103 Table 4.2.2 Regional Vari
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Water 105 Table 4.2.6 Source of Wat
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Water 107 Table 4.2.13 Water Pricin
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Water 109 4.3 Water Quality Table 4
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Water 111 Table 4.3.2b Cr (mg/L) Co
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Chapter 5 Industry 5.1 Waste Genera
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116 People's Report 2002-2003 : Ban
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Energy 121 6.1 Energy Source and Co
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Energy 123 Table 6.2.2 Existing Co-
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Energy 125 6.3 Natural Gas and Oil
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Energy 127 Table 6.3.4 Natural Gas
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Chapter 7 Urbanization 7.1 People a
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134 People's Report 2002 : Banglade
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Population Health and Nutrition 145
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Population Health and Nutrition 147
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Table 8.3.5 Status of Urban Water a
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Table 8.3.5 Sirajganj Natore Naogao
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Table 8.3.5 Gaibandha Kurigram Lalm
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Table 8.3.6 Population Shallow Tube
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Table 8.3.6 Population District: Th
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Chapter 9 Transport and Communicati
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Climate 175 10.1 Rainfall Table 10.
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Climate 177 10.2 Global Climate Cha
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Climate 179 Table 10.2.5 Changes in
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Climate 181 Table 10.3.4 Main Areas
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References CHAPTER 1 Ahmed, M. F.,
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References 185 Razzaque, M. A. (200
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References 187 CHAPTER 6 Alam, M.,
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References 189 Iqbal, M. A., Ahmed,
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