Ageing in the Twenty-First Century: - HelpAge International

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Chapter 3: A review of progress – Regional issues and responses Amity Enjoying an active older age in Serbia. Support to national governments UNECE has supported national governments to implement the Madrid Plan in a number of ways. Since 2002, the UNECE Population Unit has been collaborating with the European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research in Vienna, Austria, to assess the availability of data, research, policies and institutional arrangements on ageing and to develop a set of indicators for measuring progress in implementing the Regional Implementation Strategy. These cover demography, income and wealth, social protection and the labour market, as well as long-term care issues. The Generations and Gender Programme, 17 administered by the UNECE secretariat, is an important source of data on demographic trends and processes in the region, providing evidence for policymaking. Currently 19 countries across the region are taking part in a threeyearly survey of 18-79 year-olds to collect data on issues such as the distribution of care responsibilities and household tasks within families, and on loneliness. The programme supports a database containing national and regional data on health, pensions, education, tax systems, unemployment and other factors that influence demographic trends, and also helps to monitor progress in implementing the Madrid Plan. UNECE has published a series of policy briefs on issues such as mainstreaming ageing, promoting participation of older people in society, developing age-friendly employment policies, strengthening health promotion and disease prevention, and images of older people. 18 More specifically, the UNECE Working Group on Ageing has worked with Armenia and the Republic of Moldova to prepare road maps on mainstreaming ageing. Drawing on reviews of existing policies and programmes and consultations with a broad range of stakeholders, including older people and their representatives as well as governments, these recommend specific actions for individual countries, and provide models for other countries. In both countries, active civil society groups have played an important role in addressing the needs of older people at grassroots level and in feeding their experiences into policy-making processes. The road maps recommend ways to coordinate stakeholder inputs into more established policy forums and mainstream ageingrelated issues in different ministries. The road maps also suggest training for health and social service staff who are in direct contact with older persons, encouraging the media to acknowledge the contributions of older people, and investing in monitoring and evaluation systems to track progress in implementing ageing policies. 116 Ageing in the Twenty-First Century: A Celebration and A Challenge
Regional preparations for the second review and appraisal The Working Group on Ageing has been coordinating the second review and appraisal of the Regional Implementation Strategy. For this, 34 of the 56 UNECE countries have reported on progress. The national reports fed into a synthesis report prepared by UNECE. The process culminated in a Ministerial Conference on Ageing in Vienna in September 2012 with the theme “Ensuring a society for all ages: Promoting quality of life and active ageing”. Progress on specific policy issues: National responses Most countries in the region have recognized the need to address ageing as an opportunity as well as a challenge. Fifteen countries have established national policies on ageing since 2002, although only seven have allocated budgets. Fifteen governments have established ministries or commissions. More specifically: • Eighteen countries have begun to equalize the retirement ages of men and women, many of which were prompted by the European Court of Justice ruling that differential retirement ages are illegal and unconstitutional. • Finland has developed a number of research projects focused on older women, including an elder abuse prevalence study and a project that empowers health and social-service professionals to tackle family violence against older women. • In 2006, Albania developed a National Strategy on Gender Equality and Domestic Violence, which emphasizes a commitment to gender equality across all generations. • As part of its pension reform process, the Government of the United Kingdom conducted a comprehensive Gender Impact Assessment to analyse the differential impact of the proposed reforms on men and women saving for retirement. This resulted in a decision to reward unpaid caregiving responsibilities through the state pension system. • In 2008, Canada launched a three-year Federal Elder Abuse Initiative to raise awareness of elder abuse and available support, including a media campaign, resources for frontline workers, and elder abuse prevention projects. On a regional level, the 2012 European Year for Active Ageing and Solidarity between Generations has been organized under the auspices of the European Commission to raise awareness of how older people can be better included as active members of society and to tackle negative perceptions. It has also provided a framework to address issues such as pressures on the stability of pension systems and the need to provide adequate health care and social services. 19 Economic Commission for Europe recommendations Many challenges remain to mainstream ageing into all policy processes. Particular efforts are needed in the following areas: • Promote longer working lives and older workers’ ability to work. This includes making the transition from work to retirement more flexible, for example, by allowing older workers to work fewer or more flexible hours, as well as promoting lifelong learning and healthy living. • Promote participation, non-discrimination and social inclusion of older people by supporting opportunities for them to engage in social networks and by putting in place more measures to combat discrimination and abuse. Ensure that the special needs of certain groups of older people, for example, those with a migrant background, are taken into account. • Create an enabling environment for health, independence and ageing with dignity. This requires more effort to be put into preventative health care throughout life, combined with appropriate care and support for older people. Promote “age-friendly” environments and home-care services to enable older people to go on living independently as long as possible. • Stimulate solidarity between generations by encouraging positive aspects of ageing to be highlighted in the media and the capacities of people of different ages to be better recognized. 117
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Ageing in the Twenty-First Century:
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Ageing in the Twenty-First Century:
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Contents 6 List of abbreviations 7
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements O
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Preface This is a special year for
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HelpAge International Foreword Fore
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In 1950, there were 205 million per
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The way forward In many parts of th
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Chapter 1 of the report provides an
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Chapter 1: Setting the scene In 195
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Discussions with older people in So
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There are also marked sub-regional
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The difference between current life
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The implications of increasing life
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The challenges of population ageing
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The response: The Madrid Internatio
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When the law was passed we started
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Chapter 2: A fresh look at evidence
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I take care of eight grandchildren
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Older people in the Philippines mar
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Income security in old age The chal
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A major challenge in interpreting p
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social (non-contributory) pensions
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The global financial and economic c
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Table 2: Selection of social pensio
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South Africa’s Old Age Pension co
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I’m lucky to have a large pension
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Antonio Olmos/HelpAge International
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Computer training in Ireland. Rapid
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Transforming lives through literacy
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The rise of non-communicable diseas
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Dementia - a global concern Dementi
Page 65 and 66: Risk factors for chronic diseases T
Page 67 and 68: Many of the determinants of poor he
Page 69 and 70: Hospital care in Haiti. Older peopl
Page 71 and 72: Living longer with HIV Among infect
Page 73 and 74: Training of care providers and heal
Page 75 and 76: Age-friendly environments “Whatev
Page 77 and 78: Fixed-rate bus fares for people age
Page 79 and 80: In the UK, 45 per cent of 55-75 yea
Page 81 and 82: Workers in rural informal labour fo
Page 83 and 84: Urban life also has negative aspect
Page 85 and 86: Ageing and environmental change Cli
Page 87 and 88: A refugee in Dadaab, Kenya. A surve
Page 89 and 90: Global response In the past 10 year
Page 91 and 92: In Myanmar, volunteers from older p
Page 93 and 94: I give my mother my love “My moth
Page 95 and 96: Exposing elder abuse and discrimina
Page 97 and 98: Government response Few countries h
Page 99 and 100: Teresa Minja of the Tanzania Social
Page 101 and 102: On a different yet equally importan
Page 103 and 104: News, television, film and advertis
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 3: A review of progress The
Page 107 and 108: At least 17 countries have approved
Page 109 and 110: Table 2: Examples of surveys and re
Page 111 and 112: In a few countries, including the D
Page 113 and 114: South Africa’s National Archives
Page 115: Residents and staff of a care home
Page 119 and 120: Regional Strategy for Implementatio
Page 121 and 122: Since 2011, Peru’s National Solid
Page 123 and 124: A great-grandmother in Viet Nam, wh
Page 125 and 126: In preparation for an analysis of p
Page 127 and 128: More specific recommendations are:
Page 129 and 130: service policies across sectors and
Page 131 and 132: In some countries, programmes to su
Page 133 and 134: Chapter 4: The voices of older pers
Page 135 and 136: Older persons’ responses to the M
Page 137 and 138: Health in older age Overall, partic
Page 139 and 140: In Kyrgyzstan, older people raised
Page 141 and 142: Some also refer to the shifting rel
Page 143 and 144: “Older people were also invited t
Page 145 and 146: “Older women can do many things.
Page 147 and 148: “Pension fund officers treat olde
Page 149 and 150: “In the past there was only one h
Page 151 and 152: “People with mental disorders are
Page 153 and 154: In various aspects of daily life, o
Page 155 and 156: Another barrier to tackling abuse -
Page 157 and 158: Based on these recommendations, a f
Page 159 and 160: Chapter 5: The way forward “Older
Page 161 and 162: concern in developed countries, whi
Page 163 and 164: Capacity development for an ageing
Page 165 and 166: Specific actions according to the P
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Percentage of total population aged
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7. Unemployment rate of older perso
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17. Number and proportion of public
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In most countries, it proved feasib
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30. OECD, Pensions at a Glance 2009
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156. UNAIDS, Together We Will End A
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286. US States Government Accountab
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UNFPA, the United Nations Populatio
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