Ageing in the Twenty-First Century: - HelpAge International

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Endnotes 20. ECLAC Member States: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, Germany, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Spain, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of). Anguilla, Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos Islands, and United States Virgin Islands are Associate members. 21. UNDESA, Population Division (2012). Prepared by the Population and Development Section on the basis of data from UNDESA, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision (New York, 2011) and UNDESA, World Population Ageing and Development 2012, Wall Chart (2012; forthcoming). Available from www.unpopulation.org Data in this list are from this source unless indicated otherwise. 22. ESCAP Member States: Afghanistan, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh Bhutan, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Fiji, France, Georgia, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of), Korea (the Republic of), Kyrgyzstan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (the), Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands (the), Micronesia (Federated States of), Mongolia, Myanmar, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands (the), New Zealand, Pakistan, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines (the), Russian Federation (the), Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern, United States of America (the), Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Viet Nam. American Samoa, the Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Guam, Hong Kong (China), Macao (China) New Caledonia, Niue, and the Northern Mariana Islands are Associate members. 23. UNDESA, Population Division (2012). Prepared by the Population and Development Section, on the basis of data from United Nations (2011) and United Nations (2012; forthcoming) World Population Ageing and Development 2012, Wall Chart. Available from www.unpopulation.org 24. ESCWA Member States: Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Occupied Palestinian Territory, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, United Arab Emirates, Yemen. 25. UNDESA, Population Division (2012). Prepared by the Population and Development Section, on the basis of data from United Nations (2011) and United Nations (2012; forthcoming) World Population Ageing and Development 2012, Wall Chart. Available from www.unpopulation.org Chapter 4 1. HelpAge International, State of the World’s Older People 2002 (London, 2002). 2. United Nations, Political Declaration and Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (New York, 2003), p. v, Foreword. 3. Ibid. 4. United Nations, Guidelines for the Review and Appraisal of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, Bottom-up Participatory Approach (New York, 2006), p. 14, para. 4. 5. It is only possible in the space of this chapter to give the summary findings of these consultations. 6. The 36 countries selected can be divided into two broad groups: developing and developed countries. The developing countries can be further divided into three regional groups: Africa (Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda); Asia and the Pacific (Bangladesh, Cambodia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam, Turkey); and Latin America and the Caribbean (Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru). Developed countries can be divided into two groups: Eastern and Southern Europe (Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Moldova, Serbia, Ukraine) and other developed countries (Austria, Canada, Germany, Ireland). 7. United Nations, Guidelines for the Review and Appraisal of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, Bottom-up Participatory Approach (New York, 2006), p. 143, para. 52. 8. This is a reference to credit available from the Grameen Bank – the micro-credit facility founded by the Nobel Peace Prize winner, Mohammed Younis Khan. The Bank found that women were far more in need of commercial credit than men, and also more trustworthy and reliable in using the credit efficiently and repaying on time. 9. Those entitled to receive cash transfers under Ghana’s Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty programme are single parents with an orphan or vulnerable child, disabled people, and poor older persons. 10. There is no evidence on this topic from the African countries. Chapter 5 1. In their article on “Global inequality: beyond the bottom billion: a rapid review of income distribution in 141 countries” Ortiz and Cummings (2011) found that using market exchange rates, the richest population quintile gets 83 per cent of global income with just a single percentage point for those in the poorest quintile, middle-income countries appearing as the most unequal. They estimate that it would take more than 800 years for the bottom billion to achieve ten per cent of global income under the current rate of change. They conclude that “not only does inequality slow economic growth, but it results in health and social problems and generates political instability…. In the context of the global economic crisis … the urgency for equitable policies has never been greater.” Isabel Ortiz and Matthew Cummins, “Global inequality: beyond the bottom billion: a rapid review of income distribution in 141 countries”, Social and Economic Policy Working Paper (UNICEF, New York, April 2011). 190 Ageing in the Twenty-First Century: A Celebration and A Challenge
UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund, is an international development agency that delivers a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth safe and every young person’s potential is fulfilled. HelpAge International helps older people claim their rights, challenge discrimination and overcome poverty, so that they can lead dignified, secure, active and healthy lives. Our work is strengthened through our global network of like-minded organizations – the only one of its kind in the world. Cover photo: Nile Sprague/HelpAge International Design: TRUE www.truedesign.co.uk Printed in the UK by Pureprint Group using their pureprint® environmental print technology on Revive 100 White Silk, made from 100% recycled fibre and fully FSC® certified. Pureprint Group is a carbon neutral company registered to EMAS, the Eco Management Audit Scheme and certified to ISO 14001 Environmental Management System.
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Ageing in the Twenty-First Century:
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Ageing in the Twenty-First Century:
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Contents 6 List of abbreviations 7
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements O
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Preface This is a special year for
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HelpAge International Foreword Fore
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In 1950, there were 205 million per
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The way forward In many parts of th
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Chapter 1 of the report provides an
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Chapter 1: Setting the scene In 195
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Discussions with older people in So
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There are also marked sub-regional
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The difference between current life
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The implications of increasing life
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The challenges of population ageing
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The response: The Madrid Internatio
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When the law was passed we started
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Chapter 2: A fresh look at evidence
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I take care of eight grandchildren
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Older people in the Philippines mar
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Income security in old age The chal
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A major challenge in interpreting p
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social (non-contributory) pensions
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The global financial and economic c
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Table 2: Selection of social pensio
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South Africa’s Old Age Pension co
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I’m lucky to have a large pension
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Antonio Olmos/HelpAge International
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Computer training in Ireland. Rapid
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Transforming lives through literacy
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The rise of non-communicable diseas
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Dementia - a global concern Dementi
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Risk factors for chronic diseases T
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Many of the determinants of poor he
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Hospital care in Haiti. Older peopl
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Living longer with HIV Among infect
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Training of care providers and heal
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Age-friendly environments “Whatev
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Fixed-rate bus fares for people age
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In the UK, 45 per cent of 55-75 yea
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Workers in rural informal labour fo
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Urban life also has negative aspect
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Ageing and environmental change Cli
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A refugee in Dadaab, Kenya. A surve
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Global response In the past 10 year
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In Myanmar, volunteers from older p
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I give my mother my love “My moth
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Exposing elder abuse and discrimina
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Government response Few countries h
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Teresa Minja of the Tanzania Social
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On a different yet equally importan
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News, television, film and advertis
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Chapter 3: A review of progress The
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At least 17 countries have approved
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Table 2: Examples of surveys and re
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In a few countries, including the D
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South Africa’s National Archives
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Residents and staff of a care home
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Regional preparations for the secon
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Regional Strategy for Implementatio
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Since 2011, Peru’s National Solid
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A great-grandmother in Viet Nam, wh
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In preparation for an analysis of p
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More specific recommendations are:
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service policies across sectors and
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In some countries, programmes to su
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Chapter 4: The voices of older pers
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Older persons’ responses to the M
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Health in older age Overall, partic
Page 139 and 140: In Kyrgyzstan, older people raised
Page 141 and 142: Some also refer to the shifting rel
Page 143 and 144: “Older people were also invited t
Page 145 and 146: “Older women can do many things.
Page 147 and 148: “Pension fund officers treat olde
Page 149 and 150: “In the past there was only one h
Page 151 and 152: “People with mental disorders are
Page 153 and 154: In various aspects of daily life, o
Page 155 and 156: Another barrier to tackling abuse -
Page 157 and 158: Based on these recommendations, a f
Page 159 and 160: Chapter 5: The way forward “Older
Page 161 and 162: concern in developed countries, whi
Page 163 and 164: Capacity development for an ageing
Page 165 and 166: Specific actions according to the P
Page 167 and 168: Percentage of total population aged
Page 179 and 180: 7. Unemployment rate of older perso
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Page 183 and 184: In most countries, it proved feasib
Page 185 and 186: 30. OECD, Pensions at a Glance 2009
Page 187 and 188: 156. UNAIDS, Together We Will End A
Page 189: 286. US States Government Accountab
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