Ageing in the Twenty-First Century: - HelpAge International

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Chapter 2: A fresh look at evidence – Age-friendly environments Government response Promoting accessible communities for older persons by, for example, ensuring barrier-free public spaces, fostering intergenerational co-residence and providing support for assistive technologies is important for ageing in place. The national policies on ageing of Belize, Indonesia, Kenya, Saudi Arabia and Viet Nam include provisions on accessible communities. Legislation in New Zealand (the New Zealand Retirement Village Act) and the United States (Mortgage Insurance for the Elderly) also promotes accessible communities. Making new homes accessible In June 2010, ethnic violence in and around the town of Osh in southern Kyrgyzstan resulted in death, injury and the destruction of approximately 2,300 homes, with 300,000 people displaced internally and massive displacement into neighbouring Uzbekistan. United Nations agencies and non-governmental organizations launched a multi-sector response to address the needs of the affected population. In two assessments of older people’s experience of the response, older people identified shelter as a priority need, expressing particular concerns about how they would be able to repair and rebuild damaged and destroyed homes. A review of the plan indicated that houses being rebuilt by agencies and government were not always accessible to people with mobility problems, including a number of older persons. The shelter and protection teams worked together to ensure that findings from consultations with older people were integrated into Shelter Cluster activities. Other examples of making environments more age-friendly include: • In Australia, there is an annual Master Builders Australia National Lifestyle Housing for Seniors Award. Two civil society networks, Aged and Community Services Australia and the Council on Ageing (COTA) formed the Older Persons Housing Alliance in 2009 and have created a National Older Persons Housing Strategy. • Local governments in Hungary are encouraged to make environments more age-friendly by the Elderlyfriendly Local Government Award, set up in 2004. • In Japan, the Central Traffic Safety Policy Council has developed a Traffic Safety Programme for Older Adults. • In Mozambique, the Social Action Policy of 2008 provides for a review of current legislation on shelter to ensure that it includes reference to older persons. • The Nicaraguan Law for Older Persons of 2009 provides for access to an “alternative home for older people at risk” and free urban public transport. A separate law provides for preferential access for older people, or households containing an older person, to social housing projects. • The Singapore Building and Construction Authority has adopted Universal Design Principles to make the city more age-friendly. • In South Africa, the Social Housing Act of 2008 addresses the issue of housing for older persons in rural areas. Subsidies are also available for recipients of the Old Age Grant and disabled persons to enable them to build or buy a house. • In Uruguay, Laws 18340 of 2001 and 2008 provide for grants to make housing available for retired people. This led the shelter team to redesign the houses intended for older people with mobility problems. The new design adhered to international standards of accessibility and incorporated wide doorways to enable wheelchair access, low windows for greater visibility by people using wheelchairs and at the entrance, ramps and handrails. Source: HelpAge International, Protecting Older People in Emergencies: Good Practice Guide (London, 2012). 76 Ageing in the Twenty-First Century: A Celebration and A Challenge
Fixed-rate bus fares for people aged 70 or over make travelling easier for older residents of Akita, Japan. Akita City Hall Voices of older persons During the consultations for this report, older persons indicated widespread dissatisfaction with their accommodation. Even where no poverty or housing shortages existed, reasonable adjustments to their accommodation had not been made to make it age-friendly. “Housing is really a serious issue; many older people in our community are living in dilapidated houses in disastrous conditions.” Ethiopia “I don’t have a decent house. I made it myself – I cut the grass and prepared beer for people to help me with the actual construction.” Mozambique “We are usually given living space on the top floor, which is uncomfortable due to stairs. We prefer mud plaster one-storey rooms. The concrete floors are cold for us.” Nepal “Plenty of them [older people] live on the side walk. I don’t know what to say, they don’t live anywhere.” Jamaica “The old Soviet buildings don’t have lifts and when I was young I didn’t pay much attention to this. But now it is a big problem for me to go out of the flat, which is on the fifth floor.” Moldova “There are visible improvements in housing for older people. Years ago they had to live with their family or in old people’s homes. Now we can live independently for as long as possible still in a safe environment.” Austria Even when policies are put in place to improve access to transport, for example, by providing free bus passes, older people talk about the discriminatory practice of bus drivers who refuse to pick them up because of their age. “We have free access to public transport but only if we have identity cards.” Mozambique “Transportation now is very dangerous. We are scared to go out; we could have a traffic accident any time.” Viet Nam “Some drivers do not want to pick up older people because they are weak.” Ghana “We are neglected by the city transport. Drivers abuse us.” Ukraine “Public transport doesn’t reach all parts of the community. It’s hard for older people to get into the city.” Austria 77
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Ageing in the Twenty-First Century:
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Ageing in the Twenty-First Century:
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Contents 6 List of abbreviations 7
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements O
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Preface This is a special year for
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HelpAge International Foreword Fore
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In 1950, there were 205 million per
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The way forward In many parts of th
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Chapter 1 of the report provides an
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Chapter 1: Setting the scene In 195
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Discussions with older people in So
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There are also marked sub-regional
Page 25 and 26: The difference between current life
Page 27 and 28: The implications of increasing life
Page 29 and 30: The challenges of population ageing
Page 31 and 32: The response: The Madrid Internatio
Page 33 and 34: When the law was passed we started
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 2: A fresh look at evidence
Page 37 and 38: I take care of eight grandchildren
Page 39 and 40: Older people in the Philippines mar
Page 41 and 42: Income security in old age The chal
Page 43 and 44: A major challenge in interpreting p
Page 45 and 46: social (non-contributory) pensions
Page 47 and 48: The global financial and economic c
Page 49 and 50: Table 2: Selection of social pensio
Page 51 and 52: South Africa’s Old Age Pension co
Page 53 and 54: I’m lucky to have a large pension
Page 55 and 56: Antonio Olmos/HelpAge International
Page 57 and 58: Computer training in Ireland. Rapid
Page 59 and 60: Transforming lives through literacy
Page 61 and 62: The rise of non-communicable diseas
Page 63 and 64: Dementia - a global concern Dementi
Page 65 and 66: Risk factors for chronic diseases T
Page 67 and 68: Many of the determinants of poor he
Page 69 and 70: Hospital care in Haiti. Older peopl
Page 71 and 72: Living longer with HIV Among infect
Page 73 and 74: Training of care providers and heal
Page 75: Age-friendly environments “Whatev
Page 79 and 80: In the UK, 45 per cent of 55-75 yea
Page 81 and 82: Workers in rural informal labour fo
Page 83 and 84: Urban life also has negative aspect
Page 85 and 86: Ageing and environmental change Cli
Page 87 and 88: A refugee in Dadaab, Kenya. A surve
Page 89 and 90: Global response In the past 10 year
Page 91 and 92: In Myanmar, volunteers from older p
Page 93 and 94: I give my mother my love “My moth
Page 95 and 96: Exposing elder abuse and discrimina
Page 97 and 98: Government response Few countries h
Page 99 and 100: Teresa Minja of the Tanzania Social
Page 101 and 102: On a different yet equally importan
Page 103 and 104: News, television, film and advertis
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 3: A review of progress The
Page 107 and 108: At least 17 countries have approved
Page 109 and 110: Table 2: Examples of surveys and re
Page 111 and 112: In a few countries, including the D
Page 113 and 114: South Africa’s National Archives
Page 115 and 116: Residents and staff of a care home
Page 117 and 118: Regional preparations for the secon
Page 119 and 120: Regional Strategy for Implementatio
Page 121 and 122: Since 2011, Peru’s National Solid
Page 123 and 124: A great-grandmother in Viet Nam, wh
Page 125 and 126: In preparation for an analysis of p
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More specific recommendations are:
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service policies across sectors and
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In some countries, programmes to su
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Chapter 4: The voices of older pers
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Older persons’ responses to the M
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Health in older age Overall, partic
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In Kyrgyzstan, older people raised
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Some also refer to the shifting rel
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“Older people were also invited t
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“Older women can do many things.
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“Pension fund officers treat olde
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“In the past there was only one h
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“People with mental disorders are
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In various aspects of daily life, o
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Another barrier to tackling abuse -
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Based on these recommendations, a f
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Chapter 5: The way forward “Older
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concern in developed countries, whi
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Capacity development for an ageing
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Specific actions according to the P
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Percentage of total population aged
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7. Unemployment rate of older perso
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17. Number and proportion of public
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In most countries, it proved feasib
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30. OECD, Pensions at a Glance 2009
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156. UNAIDS, Together We Will End A
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286. US States Government Accountab
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UNFPA, the United Nations Populatio
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