Ageing in the Twenty-First Century: - HelpAge International

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Chapter 4: The voices of older persons Methodology The data gathering combined three approaches. The principal method was group discussions (consultations), which were undertaken in both rural and urban areas and focused on the key issues covered in the Madrid Plan. In addition, basic socio-demographic data on the participants and insights into their experiences of ageing were collected through a survey. Individual interviews were conducted and a selection of these testimonies can be found throughout this report. HelpAge International, with the support of UNFPA, developed two manuals to guide these activities and ensure that the same methodology was used in all countries. The consultations took place at sub-national level with an average of four consultations in each country, in both rural and urban areas. Participants were identified either by local organizations of older people or by those that work with older people. The participants were also asked to consider the experiences of older people who were too frail to attend the discussions. The main selection criterion for inclusion in the consultations was for the participant to be of pensionable age or aged 60 years or over. Generally, the participants were selected through convenience sampling, a non-probability sampling method. Each consultation aimed to include similar numbers of men and women. In countries where mixed-sex groups were not seen as culturally appropriate, an equal number of consultations with men and women were carried out. Potential participants were approached through organizations of older people, the majority of which are part of the HelpAge network. Details of the methodology can be found in Appendix 4. Global survey on ageing The global survey included questions on basic sociodemographic data and older people’s experiences of ageing, addressing particularly issues highlighted in the Madrid Plan. Out of the total number of 1,300 participants, 1,150 completed the survey. Participant profile The findings from the quantitative data in the survey reveal that: • Almost half of the respondents are aged between 65 and 74 years (48 per cent). About one quarter are under 65 (26 per cent) and another quarter are over 75 (25 per cent). One per cent either did not reply or responded “don’t know”. • Sixty per cent of the respondents are women and 40 per cent are men. • The majority (53 per cent) are married, 34 per cent widowed, 8 per cent single and 4 per cent fit none of these three categories. • The majority of the respondents (48 per cent) have between two and four adult children. Another 34 per cent report having five or more adult children, 10 per cent have one child and 7 per cent, no children. • Twenty-five per cent of the older persons have 10 or more grandchildren or great-grandchildren. Thirty per cent have between five and nine and 33 per cent, between one and four. Eleven per cent do not have any grandchildren or great-grandchildren. • Seventy-seven per cent of the respondents own their own houses. • Respondents’ educational level varies widely: 17 per cent have less than three years of primary schooling, while 21 per cent attended college or university. About 29 per cent had finished primary school and 27 per cent completed secondary school. • Two thirds of the respondents are members of associations, clubs or organizations for older persons. Table 1: Countries in which consultations were undertaken Africa Asia and the Pacific Latin America and the Caribbean Eastern and Southern Europe Other developed countries Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda Bangladesh, Cambodia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Viet Nam, and Turkey Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Paraguay, and Peru Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Moldova, Serbia, and Ukraine Austria, Canada, Germany, and Ireland 134 Ageing in the Twenty-First Century: A Celebration and A Challenge
Older persons’ responses to the Madrid Plan Older persons’ responses to issues highlighted in the Madrid Plan are summarized in Table 2. The findings show that age discrimination is widely recognized and experienced by a considerable proportion of the respondents. A third of the respondents worked in paid employment in the last month. Two thirds wish they had the opportunity to work for money. About half of the older persons worry about their financial situation and face problems in paying for basic necessities and services. Two thirds of the respondents (66 per cent) rate their current health status either as fair (44 per cent), bad or very bad (22 per cent). One third find it hard or very hard to access health care. In general, half of the participants are satisfied or very satisfied with their lives. Table 2: Results of the global survey on older persons’ experiences of ageing Issue Percentage of respondents Rights/Inclusion Recognition of age discrimination 67 % of people aged 60+ who believe that age discrimination exists in older people’s everyday lives Experience of age discrimination 37 % of people aged 60+ who report having experienced age discrimination in the past year Fear of violence 43 % of people aged 60+ who report being afraid of personal violence Respect 49 % of people aged 60+ who believe they are treated with respect Use of technology 61 % of people aged 60+ using a mobile phone Financial security Work 33 % of people aged 60+ in paid employment in the last month Willing to work 66 % of people aged 60+ wanting to work for money if they had the opportunity Income constraints 53 % of people aged 60+ finding it difficult or very difficult to pay for basic services Cash worries 47 % of people aged 60+ finding themselves always or very often worried about problems with money Health and well-being Fair health status 44 % of people age 60+ reporting their current health status as fair Bad health status 22 % of people age 60+ reporting their current health status as bad or very bad Health-care accessibility 34 % of people aged 60+ finding it difficult or very difficult to access health care when they need it Loneliness 16 % of people aged 60+ feeling they are always or very often lonely Life satisfaction 47 % of people aged 60+ being satisfied or very satisfied with the way they live 135
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Ageing in the Twenty-First Century:
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Ageing in the Twenty-First Century:
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Contents 6 List of abbreviations 7
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements O
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Preface This is a special year for
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HelpAge International Foreword Fore
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In 1950, there were 205 million per
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The way forward In many parts of th
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Chapter 1 of the report provides an
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Chapter 1: Setting the scene In 195
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Discussions with older people in So
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There are also marked sub-regional
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The difference between current life
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The implications of increasing life
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The challenges of population ageing
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The response: The Madrid Internatio
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When the law was passed we started
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Chapter 2: A fresh look at evidence
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I take care of eight grandchildren
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Older people in the Philippines mar
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Income security in old age The chal
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A major challenge in interpreting p
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social (non-contributory) pensions
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The global financial and economic c
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Table 2: Selection of social pensio
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South Africa’s Old Age Pension co
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I’m lucky to have a large pension
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Antonio Olmos/HelpAge International
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Computer training in Ireland. Rapid
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Transforming lives through literacy
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The rise of non-communicable diseas
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Dementia - a global concern Dementi
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Risk factors for chronic diseases T
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Many of the determinants of poor he
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Hospital care in Haiti. Older peopl
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Living longer with HIV Among infect
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Training of care providers and heal
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Age-friendly environments “Whatev
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Fixed-rate bus fares for people age
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In the UK, 45 per cent of 55-75 yea
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Workers in rural informal labour fo
Page 83 and 84: Urban life also has negative aspect
Page 85 and 86: Ageing and environmental change Cli
Page 87 and 88: A refugee in Dadaab, Kenya. A surve
Page 89 and 90: Global response In the past 10 year
Page 91 and 92: In Myanmar, volunteers from older p
Page 93 and 94: I give my mother my love “My moth
Page 95 and 96: Exposing elder abuse and discrimina
Page 97 and 98: Government response Few countries h
Page 99 and 100: Teresa Minja of the Tanzania Social
Page 101 and 102: On a different yet equally importan
Page 103 and 104: News, television, film and advertis
Page 105 and 106: Chapter 3: A review of progress The
Page 107 and 108: At least 17 countries have approved
Page 109 and 110: Table 2: Examples of surveys and re
Page 111 and 112: In a few countries, including the D
Page 113 and 114: South Africa’s National Archives
Page 115 and 116: Residents and staff of a care home
Page 117 and 118: Regional preparations for the secon
Page 119 and 120: Regional Strategy for Implementatio
Page 121 and 122: Since 2011, Peru’s National Solid
Page 123 and 124: A great-grandmother in Viet Nam, wh
Page 125 and 126: In preparation for an analysis of p
Page 127 and 128: More specific recommendations are:
Page 129 and 130: service policies across sectors and
Page 131 and 132: In some countries, programmes to su
Page 133: Chapter 4: The voices of older pers
Page 137 and 138: Health in older age Overall, partic
Page 139 and 140: In Kyrgyzstan, older people raised
Page 141 and 142: Some also refer to the shifting rel
Page 143 and 144: “Older people were also invited t
Page 145 and 146: “Older women can do many things.
Page 147 and 148: “Pension fund officers treat olde
Page 149 and 150: “In the past there was only one h
Page 151 and 152: “People with mental disorders are
Page 153 and 154: In various aspects of daily life, o
Page 155 and 156: Another barrier to tackling abuse -
Page 157 and 158: Based on these recommendations, a f
Page 159 and 160: Chapter 5: The way forward “Older
Page 161 and 162: concern in developed countries, whi
Page 163 and 164: Capacity development for an ageing
Page 165 and 166: Specific actions according to the P
Page 167 and 168: Percentage of total population aged
Page 179 and 180: 7. Unemployment rate of older perso
Page 181 and 182: 17. Number and proportion of public
Page 183 and 184: In most countries, it proved feasib
Page 185 and 186:
30. OECD, Pensions at a Glance 2009
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156. UNAIDS, Together We Will End A
Page 189 and 190:
286. US States Government Accountab
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UNFPA, the United Nations Populatio
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