(Mercer 1918, 9, 36; Foxvog 2010, 9; Halloran 2006, 6, 32, 38, 53; UCS 1991-2008, 580; Doblh<strong>of</strong>er, Friedrich 2002, 158, Fig. 99; Everson 2004, 12). The later variant <strong>of</strong> Sumerian pictograms , , <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> cuneiform sign is <strong>the</strong> Akkadian sign 13-NAa13/Th- D12/1202D <strong>the</strong> transliterations <strong>of</strong> which are: an – sky; d<strong>in</strong>gir, ilum – god; ìl, sa 8 , ša 8 (Piška 2003, 1, 2, 4, 8, 9; 1998, 2; Viers 2000, 89), etc. The evolution <strong>and</strong> variants <strong>of</strong> sign are shown below: (Halloran 2006, 6); Sumerian [an·mul] – starry sky (Halloran 2006, 78); Sumerian [mul·an] – heavenly star (PSD); Sumerian [aš·me] – 1. star symbol; 2. sun-disk ornament; 3. rosette; 4. sparkle, glimmer (Halloran 2006, 79; comp. PSD). Comp. Sumerian [ul 6 ] – to become bright, sh<strong>in</strong>e (PSD): Common-Kartvelian * - [wel-]; <strong>Georgian</strong> [el·v·a]; Svan - [hel-]; M<strong>in</strong>gelian [val·i], [val·u·a]; Laz [o·val·u] – lightn<strong>in</strong>g (Fähnrich 1981; Fähnrich, Sarjveladze 2000, 198). 246
The above material makes it clear that <strong>the</strong> PHD38 sign pr<strong>in</strong>ted on <strong>the</strong> <strong>Phaistos</strong> <strong>Disk</strong> is <strong>the</strong> oldest pictographic sign <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eight-petalled rosette. 2. <strong>On</strong> Symbolic Mean<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> <strong>Rosette</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Disk</strong> As well known <strong>the</strong> signs rosette <strong>and</strong> disk are <strong>of</strong>ten observed <strong>in</strong> Sumerian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Egyptian, Indian, Hittite, Hurrian, Urartian, Cretan, Colchian, Greek, Phoenician, Persian <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r cultural areas (comp.: Goodyear 1891; Evans 1909, 31; 1921, 262, 479-483; Kantor 1945; 1999, 127-163, 169-194, 247, 305-360; 506, Fig. XIII.5; 725, Fig. XVII.9, 27; 766, Fig. XIX.16, 17); <strong>the</strong> same are attested <strong>in</strong> European (e.g., Greek, Roman <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r) architectural ornaments (comp.: Schmelzeisen 1992; Ros<strong>in</strong> 2001, 113). Below are presented <strong>the</strong> symbols <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sun, star <strong>and</strong> Earth deities as <strong>the</strong>y are attested for <strong>the</strong> cultures <strong>and</strong> mythologies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se people. 2.1. Symbols <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Sun-gods <strong>and</strong> Sun-goddesses In various cultures eight-petalled rosette or lotus <strong>and</strong> disk are: pictograms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sun, div<strong>in</strong>e signs, attributes <strong>of</strong> gods (e.g., <strong>the</strong> signs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Egyptian Sun-god [r‛] – Ra/Re; that <strong>of</strong> Indian god [brahmā] – Brahma). They are <strong>the</strong> signs <strong>of</strong> purity, life, eternity, fertility, bloom <strong>and</strong> blossom <strong>of</strong> nature; royal regalia <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> symbols <strong>of</strong> royal power. The sun is denoted by <strong>the</strong> hieroglyph A190/128CE/ F28CE sol 2 – w<strong>in</strong>ged disk <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sun <strong>in</strong> hieroglyphic Luwian script (Everson 2007, 13, 19) that sometimes is a part <strong>of</strong> royal titles, <strong>and</strong> sometimes creates a royal cartouche or aedicula (Meriggi 1975, 3, Table 12, 15-17, 95-96, 163, etc; see also: Alp 1996, 1998, Fig. 1; Gurney 1987, 179, Fig. 11, 5; Doblh<strong>of</strong>er, Friedrich 2002, 221, Fig. 126; Khazaradze 2006, 10, 13). E.g., <strong>the</strong> name <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> royal symbol <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Hittite Great K<strong>in</strong>g Hattu- 247
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a. kretuli ieroglifebi: #315[1]ARCH
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2008, 37, 38, 53); A044/F0672, A044
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29; Anders 2004, 8); *025/F219 ocul
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1936, 761), romelic amotvifrulia ur
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_ Zv.w. 2000-1600 ww.-is, Zvelbabil
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2. vardulisa da diskos simboluri mn
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Sumeruli, aqaduri anu asurul-babilo
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urartuli mzis RvTaeba Sivini. mze-R
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1971, 149; Mijatović, Ninković, V
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2007, 1; Нозадзе 2007, 63) a
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abil. , asur. [ d iš·tar], an Zv.
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1991, I, 595; 1992, II, 197), xolo
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zemoT mocemuli mzisa da varskvlavis
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oT. lorTqifaniZisa (2000, 90-96) da
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zemoT warmodgenili masalis (Sdr.: K
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3.2. saqarTveloSi (mag., afxazeTi,
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Colchian-Georgian Oda-houses widely
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Mingrelian [aia] - 1. aea, the name
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My readings are supported by J. You
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was read as , Aiaia (comp.: Isebaer
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229 (433), 193; Kajaia 2001, I, 169
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storeroom at the edge of Oceanus wh
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”For Colchian Aea lieth at the ut
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the oak‟s rough branches... For s
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After the thorough study and analys
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(Orpheus 1764, 114; Urushadze 1964,
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1 is derived from the name of the c
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REFERENCES literatura 1. Aartun, K.
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fiisaTvis. iv. javaxiSvilis saxelob
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39. Chanturia, A., 2006. Megrelian
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