water‟ (Sumerian a – water; a, a-a – fa<strong>the</strong>r; e 2 – house, temple: K<strong>in</strong>g 1888, 22, 51; Halloran 2006, 3, 71; ETCSL); Hebrew [’ayh], Aiah, Ajah, Aia – Aya, a personal name (Bible, Genesis 36.24; I Chronicles 1.40; II Samuel 3.7; 21.8, 10); Hebrew [‛yh], Hai, Ai, Aija, Aia – Aya, a name <strong>of</strong> place (Bible, Nehemiah 11.31); Old Indian Āyú – <strong>the</strong> power <strong>of</strong> life (MPW 1991, I, 146); Ugaritic ayaku; Hurrian Ayakun – deity (Nozadze 2007, 64); Hurrian d A·a·ak·ki, ayakki – a cult object <strong>in</strong> a temple (Nozadze 2007, 64); Hittite ayakki – a cult object <strong>in</strong> a temple, an epi<strong>the</strong>t <strong>of</strong> Ishtar (H<strong>of</strong>fner 2009, 2; Tatishvili 2006, 1, 23); Hittite GIŠ e a-, GIŠ eya(n)- – eya, evergreen sacred tree, yew (?); to its cult <strong>the</strong> ritual <strong>of</strong> sacred sheep sk<strong>in</strong> was connected (Gamkrelidze, Ivanov 1984, II, 907, 582; Tatishvili 2007, 2, 5); it was used as a symbol <strong>of</strong> be<strong>in</strong>g free <strong>of</strong> various civil obligations, e.g., taxes <strong>and</strong> chores (H<strong>of</strong>fner 2009, 8); M<strong>in</strong>grelian [aia-žašxa], [aia-žešxa]; Svan [aia-mišladeγ], [aiamišladäγ] – <strong>the</strong> Aea-sun day; <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fast<strong>in</strong>g Sunday <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pagan celebration 1 (Коbalia 1903, 103; Кipshidze 1914, 1 . Aea [aia] was one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pagan celebrations held <strong>in</strong> Georgia (M<strong>in</strong>grelia, Abkhazia, <strong>and</strong> Svaneti) on <strong>the</strong> day a week before Baea [baia] – <strong>the</strong> Palm Sunday. <strong>On</strong> this day M<strong>in</strong>grelians <strong>and</strong> Abkhazians used to decorate <strong>the</strong>ir homes <strong>and</strong> farm build<strong>in</strong>gs with spr<strong>in</strong>g flowers, violets (<strong>Georgian</strong> [ia]), also scatler<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>m all over <strong>the</strong> yards (Antelava 2006, 5. I am thankful to N. Ghambashidze who supplied me with this <strong>in</strong>formation), w<strong>in</strong>e-jars were blessed (Kajaia 2009, IV, 24). N. Anteleva (2006, 5) th<strong>in</strong>ks that Aea was <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> celebration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spr<strong>in</strong>g equ<strong>in</strong>ox. The Aea celebration is mentioned <strong>in</strong> M<strong>in</strong>grelian folk verse (Kobalia 1903, 103; Kipshidze 1914, 188): 310
229 (433), 193; Kajaia 2001, I, 169; Mikeladze 1974; Antelava 2006, 5; Gordeziani 1999, 53; 2007, III, 474). 5. About Geographical Location <strong>of</strong> Aea As mentioned above, <strong>the</strong> sign PHD38 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eightpetalled rosette is read by me as * [*aəa] – <strong>the</strong> country Aea, below <strong>the</strong> geographical location <strong>of</strong> this country is considered. The commentaries <strong>of</strong> Ancient Greek authors, <strong>the</strong> Assyrian <strong>and</strong> Urartian sources <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> analyses <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se should be presented here (see Lordkipanidze 1986, 30-76). Bas<strong>in</strong>g on Herodotus (Aea – Colchis: I, 2; VII, 193, 197; Colchians: II, 103-105; III, 97; IV, 37, 40; VII, 79), Apollonius <strong>of</strong> Rhodes (Aea: II, 422, 1094, 1141, 1185, 1267; III, 306, 1061; IV, 255, 277-278; Colchis: I, 174; II, 1277; III, 313; IV, 33; Aea – Colchis: II, 417), Strabo (XI, 1, 4; 2, 1; 2, 14-18; 3, 2; 3, 4; 5, 5; 14, 4; 14, 15; XII, 1, 1; 3, 1-2; 3, 13; 3, 17-18; 3, 28-29; 4, 3) <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs (Euripid., Medea 2), S. Kaukhchishvili (1964, 9-14; 1970, VIII, 2-4), T. Kaukhchishvili (1960, 18-19, 48-49; 1976-b, 12, 18- 19), A. Urushadze (1970, 28-29, 347 10 ; 1964, 6-8, 10, 63-64) <strong>and</strong> O. Lordkipanidze (1986, 32, 43, 128 8 ; 1989, 213; 2000, 9 1 ) argue that Aea is <strong>the</strong> synonym <strong>of</strong> Colchis ( / ), Aea is <strong>the</strong> oldest name <strong>of</strong> this country, <strong>and</strong> it was called Colchis only later (also see: Smith 1896, 15; Perr<strong>in</strong>, Seymour 1897, Vocabulary, 3; Gamkrelidze, Ivanov II, 907, 907 1 , 908; Gambaschidze, Hauptmann, Slotta, Yalç<strong>in</strong> 2001, 196 <strong>and</strong> ff.; Gordeziani 2007, III, 469, 473). S. Kaukhchishvili (1964, 13), A. Urushadze (1964, 6-10) <strong>and</strong> O. Lordkipanidze (2000, 9 1 ) argue that accord<strong>in</strong>g to Greek sources Aea (resp. Eëa) was <strong>the</strong> oldest name <strong>of</strong> Georgia. Bas<strong>in</strong>g on Hecataeus <strong>of</strong> Miletus 1 (<strong>the</strong> 6 th c. BC), M. Janashvili (1906, 3) writes: ”Moskhians (Moschi = Meskhs = Meskhetians = <strong>Georgian</strong>s) are Colchian tribes. So, Colchians 1 . “ , “ (Hecatæi fragmenta 188, Müllerus 1841, I, 13; also see: Lomouri 1963; Khazaradze 1984). 311
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141
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a. kretuli ieroglifebi: #315[1]ARCH
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2008, 37, 38, 53); A044/F0672, A044
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29; Anders 2004, 8); *025/F219 ocul
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1936, 761), romelic amotvifrulia ur
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_ Zv.w. 2000-1600 ww.-is, Zvelbabil
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2. vardulisa da diskos simboluri mn
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Sumeruli, aqaduri anu asurul-babilo
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urartuli mzis RvTaeba Sivini. mze-R
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1971, 149; Mijatović, Ninković, V
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2007, 1; Нозадзе 2007, 63) a
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abil. , asur. [ d iš·tar], an Zv.
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1991, I, 595; 1992, II, 197), xolo
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zemoT mocemuli mzisa da varskvlavis
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oT. lorTqifaniZisa (2000, 90-96) da
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zemoT warmodgenili masalis (Sdr.: K
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175
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179
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181
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3.2. saqarTveloSi (mag., afxazeTi,
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191
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193
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viT, wre borjRaliT, wre ormagi jvri
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197
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201
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205
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kolxur-qarTul oda-saxlebze, darbazi
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4. rvafurcliani vardulis naxat-niSn
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i masalis d striqonSi mocemuli form
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лидзе, Иванов 1984, II,
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aert 2005, 168), romelic s. hilerma
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megr. aia-JaSxa/aia-JeSxa; svan. ai
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homerosi `odiseaSi~ (XII, 1-4; agre
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fosi [straboni 1 ] asaxelebs qalaq
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apolonios rodoseli (II, 417-418, 12
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erZn. : quTa _ Sumeris uZvelesi qal
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`kunZul aiaias: metobs marcvali ai,
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formas, romelsac aigivebs -Tan (agr
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`aieti heliosis darad brwyinavda et
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-i 1 miRebulia qveynis saxelwodebid
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On Reading Pictorial Signs of the P
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, , , , , (Evans 1909, 222, 112); ,
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Eight-rayed star in a circle (Copin
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m. The sign of the Indus script (e.
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Erm-14017, CDLI No P221724; Erm-140
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The above material makes it clear t
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According to Akkadian or Assyro-Bab
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of lotus. He travels in the sky by
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44-45); a wheel 1 (Gamkrelidze, Iva
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The evolution of the signs Aya and
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The Sumerian Great Queen/Lady of He
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- Page 199 and 200: gamyreliZe g., 2008. qarTuli arqeol
- Page 201 and 202: gamomcemloba `logosi~. Tbilisi, 200
- Page 203 and 204: janaSia s., 1959. Sromebi. III t. s
- Page 205 and 206: Tphilisiis, 1936; Tomus IV, fasc. I
- Page 207 and 208: mcemloba, Tbilisi, 1994, 13-818. 18
- Page 209 and 210: Tbilisi, 2007 (in Georgian). leJava
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- Page 217 and 218: 275. Schmandt-Besserat, D., 1996. H
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307. Tsymburskij, V. L., 2005. Aea
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