Safety & Health in the Stone Crushing Industry - Occupational ...

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32 In addition to the dust reduction system on the crushers, other measures need to accompany this effort, for instance paving and cleaning of roads to suppress secondary dust emission by traffic, planting of a "green belt" of dust-capturing trees around the plant and water harvesting for use in the plant. The total cost of planning, consulting, purchase and installation of such systems can lie between 10.000 and 20.000 USD depending on the size of the installations and the cost of materials. Information on wet and dry dust suppression technology, combo systems, green belt development, water harvesting or use of collected dust for construction can be obtained from: Technology and Action for Rural Advancement (TARA) Village Ghittorni, Mehrauli Gurgaon Road Near NBCC Campus, New Delhi - 110030 Tel:011-26801521 / 2680 4482 / 0680 5826 Tel Fax: 011-26804484 / 26805826 E-mail: sbose@devalt.org, gssharma@devalt.org Website: www.tara.in A.3.3 Protecting Hearing from Noise Exposure to loud noise can ruin a person’s hearing and cause much physical and psychological stress. Without the ability to hear, it is nearly impossible to perform a job task successfully and safely. Permanent hearing loss can result from continuous noise exposure. It indicates that parts of the socalled hearing cells in the inner ear have been destroyed. They will not grow back nor can they be repaired. Hearing is lost forever. The effects of noise on a person are not curable, but noise exposure can be controlled through many different technologies. In general, using work processes that are quieter, enclosing noisy equipment, and using sound-absorbing materials at impact sites is recommended to reduce the amount of noise being produced.
33 Noise is mostly produced by either impact or vibration. This happens at the following locations in a stone crushing unit: − − − The crushers themselves(Primary and Secondary) when boulders are crushed and transported along conveyors The boulder loading point when boulders are fed into receiving pit The sieves when the gravel is sorted Noise can have the following effects on the health of workers and owners: − − − − − Distortion of sounds (hearing something, but not understanding) Temporary or permanent hearing loss A continual ringing in the ears for which there is no cure ("tinnitus" in medical terms) Quickened pulse rate, increased blood pressure and a narrowing of the blood vessels Abnormal secretions of hormones, muscle tensing, nervousness, sleeplessness, fatigue Solutions to protect health Conduct regular maintenance: replace all unbalanced or loose parts of machines Lubricate turning machine parts regularly Replace metal parts with quieter plastic parts if possible, for instance rollers, washers Machines which vibrate should be mounted on heavy, rigid bases to prevent vibration Consider putting heavy rubber or plastic mats on places where impact or machine parts or boulders cause noise Enclose especially noisy machine parts with punctured metal plates, best in several layers so the sound gets "trapped" Position workers away from noise sources as much as possible Provide hearing protection for workers, such as earplugs and earmuffs, train workers on the purpose, proper fitting, and care of hearing protectors and provide continuous monitoring of employee noise-exposure levels if possible. However, in that case collaboration with experts in occupational health is needed for advice Always use properly shaped and sharpened cutting tools so you need less force to cut things. We show here a noise map of a typical stone crushing unit. The areas in the centre, in red (dark grey in the black & white print) indicate areas with more that 90 decibel of noise (measure in decibel on scale A, adapted to the capacities of the human ear, abbreviated dB (A)) where hearing protection needs to be worn. It is the area around the crushers and the sieve. The next area around it, in pink (gray) has noise levels over 85 dB(A) where hearing protection should be provided. Noise levels above 85 dB(A), and definitely above 90 db(A), are dangerous and will lead to noise-induced hearing loss after a short time. They are also a risk factor to develop high blood pressure, nervousness, and irritation, all of which can increase the risk to have heart diseases such as heart attack, or stroke.
Page 3 and 4: SAFETY & HEALTH IN THE STONE CRUSHI
Page 5 and 6: 3 Table of Contents Table of Conten
Page 7 and 8: 5 Foreword This manual is based on
Page 9 and 10: 7 Eulogy Mr. M. Nithiyananthan, the
Page 11 and 12: 9 A Safety & Health in Stone Crushi
Page 13 and 14: 11 how the work is done and how the
Page 15 and 16: 13 When writing down your results,
Page 17 and 18: 15 Picture 3: worker at the primary
Page 19 and 20: 17 Picture 5: electrical room used
Page 21 and 22: 19 − − − The transformers are
Page 23 and 24: 21 A.2.4 Using Gas Cylinders Safely
Page 25 and 26: 23 − − The conditions of trucks
Page 27 and 28: 25 A.3 Keeping Workers Healthy Ston
Page 29 and 30: 27 Flow Rate: The rate at which wat
Page 31 and 32: 29 Picture 11: dust capture with dr
Page 33: 31 Dust source with incomplete enca
Page 37 and 38: 35 PPE might be needed throughout t
Page 39 and 40: 37 Metal sheets and other glare-ge
Page 41 and 42: 39 A.3.7 Taking care of Human Needs
Page 43 and 44: 41 Keep a system for head-count at
Page 45 and 46: 43 B Improving Heavy Physical Work
Page 47 and 48: 45 B.1 Main crusher operator Nature
Page 49 and 50: 47 Solutions: Proper platform shou
Page 51 and 52: 49 Solutions: Issue and use proper
Page 53 and 54: 51 − − Tripping and falling int
Page 55 and 56: 53 Picture 24: stone shed for worke
Page 57 and 58: 55 Picture 26: repairing the crushe
Page 59 and 60: 57 Proposed alternate for sieving o
Page 61 and 62: 59 B.11 Removal of Jammed Boulders
Page 63 and 64: 61 C How Much Does an Accident Cost
Page 65 and 66: 63 D Checklists and Benchmarks The
Page 67 and 68: 65 Area Yes No Comments / Action 3.
Page 69 and 70: 67 D.2 Checklist: Electrical Equipm
Page 71 and 72: 69 D.3 Checklist: Ergonomic Workpla
Page 73 and 74: 71 D.4 Checklist: Fire and Explosio
Page 75 and 76: 73 D.5 Checklist: Accident preventi
Page 77 and 78: 75 D.6 Checklist: Dust and noise re

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