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Flash Flood Risk Management – A Training of Trainers Manual Session 17 Resource Materials RM 17.1: Role of law in flood management ‘Disaster risk management is the process of implementing those policies, institutions and investments to strengthen the coping capacities of society to reduce the impacts of natural hazards and related environmental and technological disasters.’ (UNISDR 2009) Integrated flood management should be based on a legal framework and supported by solid institutional arrangements. A legal mechanism is very important because many governmental and non-governmental organisations at the national, subnational, and local levels are involved in flood management. In this context, laws work to provide the framework for implementing governmental policies for flood management. The law has three distinct roles as outlined in Figure 26. • Law defines institutional roles and responsibilities • It protects the rights and determines the obligations of institutions and individuals. • If conflicts cannot be avoided, the law provides a mechanism for dispute resolution through the judicial system. These legal provisions are essential to ensure that government agencies have specific responsibilities for addressing aspects of flood management and can be held accountable. Laws define the rights and obligations of different institutions and individuals at all stages of flood management. Laws are also essential in giving flood managers the legal powers they need to intervene during a flood event, such as right of access to private property. A legal framework at the national level should address issues related to: • coordination and cooperation among organisations, institutions, sectors, and beneficiaries; • availability and accessibility of the basic data and information needed for decision making; • building and enabling a conducive environment for all stakeholders to participate and make collective decisions. Figure 26: The role of law in IFM session 17 Stakeholders Scientists Policy Implementation Water resource managers Law Defines institutional roles and responsibilities Provides mechanisms for dispute management Determines and protects rights and obligations Source: WMO (2006) 122
Day 8 RM 17.2: Major legal aspects of IFM and institutional arrangements The four major legal aspects of integrated flood management are: • ensuring coordination and integration across institutional boundaries; • generating and sharing information; • enabling stakeholder participation; • ensuring rights, powers, and obligations. Ensuring coordination and integration across institutional boundaries Ensuring coordination and integration across institutional boundaries is one of the major legal themes of IFM. Within the concept of IWRM, flood management decisions must take into account both how to alleviate flood risk and how to minimise the socio-economic impact. It is more likely to achieve good results when an integrated basin approach is used; but an integrated approach requires that a number of institutions and authorities work together, and for this it is essential to ensure coordination among them (Box 15). Box 15: Major sectors having policies relevant to flash flood management • Agriculture and food security • Land use (zonation) • Forestry • River valley management • Watershed management • Health • Education • Physical planning and infrastructure development • Water and sanitation Ensuring coordination requires that: first, • Information and communication planning at the governmental level must be integrated so that the government’s strategy, which is implemented through different departments, is coherent and harmonised; and second, that it must be applied at all levels of public planning, whether national, regional or local, and involve all relevant public agencies. At the same time, there should also be some mechanism to ensure that local views and experiences are in turn fed back into the national planning processes. Figure 27 shows how horizontal and vertical interactions work to integrate various stakeholders and interest groups at all relevant areas of government planning. The horizontal axis shows interactions between the various government departments and ministries (at all levels), and how stakeholders and interest groups are involved in the decision-making processes. The vertical axis shows consistency in the policy and planning processes and implementation at different levels of government. From the local level up, plans should be consistent with those produced at the next higher level. The need for a coordinated and integrated approach can be illustrated by the example of land use planning. Since land use influences flood risk and water management in general, it is imperative that land use planning and water use allocation be properly coordinated. Land use in a given area (whether urban or rural) can affect flood risk elsewhere in the basin. Moreover, the consequences for flood risk from the forestry sector (e.g., uncontrolled logging) can have consequences for erosion and, to a limited extent, for flood peaks. Similarly, agricultural land use practices (e.g., topsoil compaction) can have consequences for downstream river regimes. Consequently, forestry policy and planning should be subject to flood risk assessment. The technical aspects of forestry and agricultural practices with regards to land use may also be subject to regulations but these may be more difficult to enforce. session 17 Information generation and sharing Robust notification and information are required. Flood management strategies need to be based on scientific data gathered by a number of agencies and need to be constantly reviewed in the light of new data 123
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Flash Flood Risk Management A Train
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Published by International Centre f
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Foreword The Hindu Kush-Himalayan (
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Acronyms and Abbreviations CFFRMC D
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Flash Flood Risk Management - A Tra
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Flash Flood Risk Management - A Tra
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Introduction Day 1 Session/Activity
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Day 1 Suggestions for the facilitat
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Day 1 Suggestions for the facilitat
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Day 1 Session 2 Flash Flood Hazards
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Day 1 Session 2 Resource Materials
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Day 1 RM 2.4: Flash floods in the H
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Day 1 in flash floods during the pe
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Day 1 Activity 3.2: Identifying the
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Day 1 Figure 4: Categorisation of f
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Day 1 Session 4 Flash Flood Hazard
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Day 2 Session/Activity Session 5: V
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Day 2 Activity 5.2: Flash flood ris
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Day 2 In a physically vulnerable zo
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Day 2 Step 2 Show the short video o
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Day 2 Session 6 Handouts Handout 6.
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Day 2 Figure 8: The four pillars of
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Day 2 • As a result of rapid cha
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Day 2 Session 7 Community-Based Fla
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Day 2 Step 4 Step 5 Discuss the dif
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Day 2 Figure 10: Framework for comm
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Day 2 • First-aid and health: Th
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Day 2 Session 8 Gender Perspectives
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Day 2 The CFFRMC also plays a role
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Day 2 Note to the trainer Clarify t
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Day 2 groups such as people with di
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Day 2 RM 9.3: Process of participat
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Day 3 Session/Activity Activity tim
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Day 3 Activity 10.3: Strategies for
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Day 3 RM 10.2: Various strategies f
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disseminated. The South Asian tsuna
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Page 81 and 82: Day 3 Geospatial Stream Flow Model
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Page 87 and 88: Day 3 their livelihoods. Watershed
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Page 93 and 94: Day 3 where Q = discharge A = area
Page 95 and 96: Day 3 There are two types of routin
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Page 99 and 100: Day 3 Activity 14.4: Measures that
Page 101 and 102: Day 3 Figure 15: Types of landslide
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Page 113 and 114: Day 4 Session 16 Hazard-Specific Fl
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Page 119 and 120: Day 4 RM 16.3: Impacts of GLOF even
Page 121 and 122: Day 4 Supra or englacial drainage.
Page 123 and 124: Day 4 Briefing for the Field Trip T
Page 125: Days 5, 6, and 7 Field Trip
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