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Flash Flood Risk Management – A Training of Trainers Manual Session 11 Modelling Tools for Flash Flood Management Time: 60 minutes Objectives To introduce modelling tools for flash flood management, including: XX Tools that can be used to understand different flash flood scenarios XX Hazard-specific modelling tools Activities Activity 11.1: Modelling flash flood scenarios Time: 20 minutes Engage the class in a short question and answer session to see how familiar they are with the various types of software and modelling tools that are available for flash flood modelling. Give a quick introduction to the two types of flash flood models, i.e., rainfall-runoff models and runoff routing (to the catchment) outlet models. Activity 11.2: Hazard-specific modelling tools Time: 40 minutes Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Discuss satellite rainfall estimation and how it is helpful in hydrological modelling. Discuss computer software models that can be used to understand the various intense flash flood scenarios. Discuss the computer software models used to simulate dam failures. session 11 70
Day 3 Session 11 Resource Materials RM 11.1: Modelling flash flood scenarios There are two basic components to modelling flash flood scenarios. The first component is to convert rainfall into run-off and the second is to determine how that run-off will route to the catchment outlet. Rainfall runoff model Rainfall runoff models simulate the behaviour of watersheds, channels, and other water-control structures. They can help to predict runoff volumes, peak flows, and the timing of flows by simulating the behaviour of watersheds, channels, and reservoirs. Flood routing model Flood routing models compute the progressive time and shape of flood waves at successive points along a river. Flood routing is also called storage routing or stream-flow routing. Flood routing models are numerical methods used to estimate the movement of flood waves along a channel reach. They are based on knowing the discharge hydrograph at the upstream end and on knowing the hydraulic characteristics of the reach; they typically assume that there is no perturbation coming from the downstream. RM 11.2: Hazard specific modelling tools for flash flood management Satellite rainfall estimation Precipitation is a crucial part of the hydrological cycle. The spatial and temporal variations of precipitation are enormous. An accurate global coverage of rainfall records is necessary to improve weather and climate predictions. Rain gauge data are available only from stations that are on land (where they are located mainly in densely populated areas), and little offshore information exists. Rainfall can be estimated remotely, either from ground-based weather radars or from space-based satellites. The use of satellite-based rainfall estimates in the HKH region will enable a more thorough, accurate, and timely analysis of weather and climate-related phenomenon by providing accurate rainfall estimates. The use of satellite data can help to improve the analysis of precipitation which is currently interpolated solely from sparse rain gauge data. Satellite data can also be useful in agricultural and hydrological applications such as crop monitoring and stream flow modelling. Mitigation measures for weather-related disasters can always use more accurate and timely information in the decision-making process. Why satellite rainfall estimation? It has been a constant challenge to represent the spatial distribution and quantity of precipitation at the small scale throughout the region since only a sparse rain gauge network has been available. When rain gauge data are not available or sufficient, satellite data can be used to derive quantitative estimates of precipitation that are then fed into hydrological models which can forecast discharge. This is one way to overcome the problem of data scarcity in the HKH region. session 11 Computer-based modelling tools and their capabilities Geographic information systems (GIS). A GIS captures, stores, analyses, manages, and presents data that are linked to location. In the simplest terms, GIS is the merging of cartography, statistical analysis, and database technology. GIS systems are used in many disciplines, such as geography, hydrology, climatology, 71
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Flash Flood Risk Management A Train
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Published by International Centre f
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Foreword The Hindu Kush-Himalayan (
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Acronyms and Abbreviations CFFRMC D
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Flash Flood Risk Management - A Tra
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Introduction Day 1 Session/Activity
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Day 1 Suggestions for the facilitat
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Day 1 Suggestions for the facilitat
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Day 1 Session 2 Flash Flood Hazards
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Day 1 Session 2 Resource Materials
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Day 1 RM 2.4: Flash floods in the H
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Page 47 and 48: Day 2 Session 6 Handouts Handout 6.
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Page 59 and 60: Day 2 • First-aid and health: Th
Page 61 and 62: Day 2 Session 8 Gender Perspectives
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Page 69 and 70: Day 2 RM 9.3: Process of participat
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Page 87 and 88: Day 3 their livelihoods. Watershed
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Page 105 and 106: Day 3 Figure 21: Tsatichhu landslid
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