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Flash Flood Risk Management – A Training of Trainers Manual Session 18 Resource Materials RM 18.1: Concept and phases of flash flood risk management cycle The management of flash floods (and floods in general) takes place in three phases: preparedness, response, and recovery. The preparedness phase aims to prepare an effective response to a flood disaster; the community and the concerned authorities each prepare accordingly. The response phase aims to reduce adverse impacts during the flood. The recovery phase aims to assist the affected community to rehabilitate and rebuild. The last phase evaluates, monitors, and documents its activities so that everyone concerned can better prepared for future events. The cycle of flood management and major activities is given in Figure 28. Figure 28: The flood response management cycle; major activities by phase Community activities Pre-flood During flood Post-flood Coordination – CFFRMC • Emergency planning and assigning responsibilities • Collect flood information • Flood forecasting/early warning • Awareness rising • Identify and prepare shelter Pre-flood: PREPAREDNESS • Evacuation and rescue • Provide shelter • Ensure normal life: food, health, security • Maintaining mobility and communication During flood: RESPONSE session 18 • Damage/loss assessment • Assessing community needs • Recovery and rehabilitation • Continuous relief activities • Monitoring and evaluation for better future preparation Post-flood: RECOVERY 130
Day 8 RM 18.2: Emergency planning activities in the community Emergency relief plans are contingency plans used to cope with the devastation. Before a flood occurs it is impossible to predict with certainty when it will occur and what intensity it will have. All eventualities need to be considered and for this reason emergency planning is based on the comprehensive risk assessment scenarios put together by the community. The plans are designed by the various sub-committees of the CFFRMC in close collaboration with the community and other external organisations. The design and discussion of plans is one of the important preparedness activities because once the plans have been agreed upon it is easier to deliver a quick and effective response to evacuate and provide relief to those affected during an actual emergency situation. Emergency relief plans need to be culturally sensitive and need to take cultural sensitivities into consideration so that no disputes arise when the plans are implemented. The plans must be comprehensive and look after the needs of the local population. Emergency relief planning involves the following activities: • setting clear roles and responsibilities for CFFRMC members, team leaders, and volunteers; • ensuring the participation of beneficiaries; • keeping an inventory of the trained human resources available in case of emergency; • developing the capacity of the CFFRMC in rapid disaster needs assessment at the local level; • establishing an emergency operation centre (i.e., control room); • planning for relief camps and shelter management; • planning activities to ensure timely disaster relief; • planning for the specific needs of children, women, and people with special needs during the relief phase; • identifying the resources that might be needed for emergency relief; • ensuring that there are emergency stockpiles at each cluster level for use during the emergency; • identifying safe places for evacuation during flash flooding and planning evacuation routes; • fostering good communication between the different agencies during the relief phase to avoid duplication of effort and to avoid possibly overlooking some segments of the populations. RM 18.3: Community preparedness activities for flash flood management Communities must be prepared to mitigate the risk of flash floods (Box 16). Preparedness involves: • awareness raising and community mobilisation; • drills; • forecasting and early warning; • various small structural measures. The CFFRMC is responsible for handling these preparedness activities. The CFFRMC can also unite the community, make preparedness plans, and assign duties and responsibilities to the members of the community. Raising awareness Community awareness about flash floods is very important for effective risk management activities and behaviour (Box 17). Various awareness campaigns can be conducted to inform and unite the community. Awareness raising measures can include posters, brochures, songs/drama/street theatre, school arts projects and essay competitions, audio-visual presentations, training and demonstrations, regular drills, and promotion by local celebrities such as singers, leaders, and actors. The objective of community mobilisation is to increase the resilience of the community. session 18 131
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Flash Flood Risk Management A Train
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Published by International Centre f
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Foreword The Hindu Kush-Himalayan (
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Acronyms and Abbreviations CFFRMC D
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Flash Flood Risk Management - A Tra
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Flash Flood Risk Management - A Tra
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Introduction Day 1 Session/Activity
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Day 1 Suggestions for the facilitat
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Day 1 Suggestions for the facilitat
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Day 1 Session 2 Flash Flood Hazards
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Day 1 Session 2 Resource Materials
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Day 1 RM 2.4: Flash floods in the H
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Day 1 in flash floods during the pe
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Day 1 Activity 3.2: Identifying the
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Day 1 Figure 4: Categorisation of f
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Day 1 Session 4 Flash Flood Hazard
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Day 2 Session/Activity Session 5: V
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Day 2 Activity 5.2: Flash flood ris
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Day 2 In a physically vulnerable zo
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Day 2 Step 2 Show the short video o
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Day 2 Session 6 Handouts Handout 6.
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Day 2 Figure 8: The four pillars of
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Day 2 • As a result of rapid cha
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Day 2 Session 7 Community-Based Fla
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Day 2 Step 4 Step 5 Discuss the dif
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Day 2 Figure 10: Framework for comm
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Day 2 • First-aid and health: Th
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Day 2 Session 8 Gender Perspectives
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Day 2 The CFFRMC also plays a role
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Day 2 Note to the trainer Clarify t
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Day 2 groups such as people with di
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Day 2 RM 9.3: Process of participat
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Day 3 Session/Activity Activity tim
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Day 3 Activity 10.3: Strategies for
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Day 3 RM 10.2: Various strategies f
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disseminated. The South Asian tsuna
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Day 3 Geospatial Stream Flow Model
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Day 3 Activity 12.2: Concept and co
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Day 3 perspective means looking for
Page 87 and 88: Day 3 their livelihoods. Watershed
Page 89 and 90: Day 3 Session 13 Hazard-Specific Fl
Page 91 and 92: Day 3 Session 13 Resource Materials
Page 93 and 94: Day 3 where Q = discharge A = area
Page 95 and 96: Day 3 There are two types of routin
Page 97 and 98: Day 3 Box 13: Exercise on flood rou
Page 99 and 100: Day 3 Activity 14.4: Measures that
Page 101 and 102: Day 3 Figure 15: Types of landslide
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Page 105 and 106: Day 3 Figure 21: Tsatichhu landslid
Page 107 and 108: Day 3 Estimating downstream floodin
Page 109 and 110: Day 3 Strand (1977) uses the same e
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Page 113 and 114: Day 4 Session 16 Hazard-Specific Fl
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Page 117 and 118: Day 4 Figure 25: Development of the
Page 119 and 120: Day 4 RM 16.3: Impacts of GLOF even
Page 121 and 122: Day 4 Supra or englacial drainage.
Page 123 and 124: Day 4 Briefing for the Field Trip T
Page 125: Days 5, 6, and 7 Field Trip
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