Smalltalk and Object Orientation: an Introduction - Free

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Packages allow models to be structured hierarchically, they therefore act to organize the model and control its overall complexity. Indeed packages may be used to e nable top down design of a system (rather than the bottom up design typical of many OOD methods) by allowing designers to specify high level system functionality in terms of packages which are “filled out” when and as appropriate. 146
18. UML: Dynamic Modeling And Deployment 18.1 Introduction The basic class and association notations of the object model in the Unified Modeling Language (or UML for short) were presented in the last chapter. This chapter presents the sequence, collaboration diagrams and state diagrams as part of the dynamic modeling facilities in the UML. We then consider deployment diagrams. 18.2 Dynamic modeling facilities 18.2.1 Sequence diagrams A scenario shows a particular series of interactions among objects in a s ingle execution of a system. That is, it is a history of how the system behaved from one start state to a single termination state. This differs from an envisionment which is a description of all system behaviors from all start states to all end states. En visionments thus contain all possible histories (although they may also contain paths which the system is never intended to take). Scenarios can be presented in two different ways: Sequence Diagrams and Collaboration Diagrams. Both these diagrams present t he same information although they stress different aspects of this information. For example, sequence diagrams stress the timing aspects of the interactions amongst the objects, where as the collaboration diagrams stress the structure between these objects (which helps in understanding the requirements of the underlying software structure). Figure 18.1 illustrates the basic structure of a sequence diagram. The objects involved in the exchange of messages are represented as vertical lines (which are labeled with the object’s name). For example, Caller, Phone Line and Callee are all objects involved in the scenario of dialing 999 (the Emergency services’ number in the UK). Time proceeds vertically down the diagram, as indic ated by the dashed line arrow. The horizontal arrows indicate an event or message sent from one object to another. The arrow indicates the direction in which the event or message is sent. That is, the receiver is indicated by the head of the arrow. Normall y return values are not shown on these diagrams. However, if they are significant, they can be illustrated by return events annotated with the type of value returned etc. Time proceeds vertically and can be made more explicit by additional timing marks. T hese timing marks indicate how long the gap between messages should be or how long a message or event should take to get from the sender to the receiver. 147
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Smalltalk and Object Orientation: A
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Chapter 7: Smalltalk Constructs Thi
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The user interface construction fac
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Preface 1. INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT O
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12.5 A CLASS SIDE METHOD...........
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27.3 VISUALWORKS WINDOW PAINTING TO
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Part One Introduction to Object Ori
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interfaces between different parts
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een to ease the transition from one
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encapsulation. Attempting to introd
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is a controversial subject which is
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will become second nature to many o
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or return something. It has since b
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defining the behavior of different
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In time most developers start to ac
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2.4.3.4 Smalltalk environments are
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3. Constructing an Object Oriented
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Wash wipe switch Wiper motor Relay
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Point 2 above is more complicated.
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services working? working? working?
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Part Two The Smalltalk Language 42
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other systems. As the browsers, ins
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VisualAge (a version of Smalltalk w
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4.5.2 The VisualWorks Launcher and
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Class categories. These are group s
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5. A Little Smalltalk 5.1 Introduct
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Notifiers can be displayed under a
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These concepts of messages, receive
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Select the “Debug” option. This
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6. Smalltalk Building Blocks 6.1 In
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6.3.1 Class definitions In Smalltal
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Object Class1 Class 2 method search
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“Now calculate y “ y := x * 23.
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7. Smalltalk Constructs 7.1 Introdu
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They are more efficient for storage
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7.5.3 true, false and nil variables
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anArray at: 1 max: 10. This will tr
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Figure 8.1: Defining a new class 8.
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this convention at the moment, howe
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9. Control and Iteration 9.1 Introd
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9.3.3 Block temporary variables Blo
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The brackets round the 1 to: 10 are
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OrderedCollection class (respective
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holding other objects. Typically, c
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| temp | temp := Set new. temp add:
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Next we will define a message proto
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Page 111 and 112: 13. Streams and Files 13.1 Introduc
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Page 117 and 118: 1. The ability to save the current
Page 119 and 120: 14.3 The class Date Class Date, a s
Page 121 and 122: aCharacter isAlphabetic. aCharacter
Page 123 and 124: Breakpoints may be placed in a me t
Page 125 and 126: If the file does not exist you will
Page 127 and 128: Figure 15.4: Creating a project To
Page 129 and 130: Part Three Object Oriented Design 1
Page 131 and 132: 16. Object Oriented Analysis and De
Page 133 and 134: devolved amongst the objects). This
Page 135 and 136: driving force behind the whole of t
Page 137 and 138: 17. The Unified Modeling Language 1
Page 139 and 140: Deployment diagrams . Deployment di
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Page 143 and 144: Micro Computer 1.. * Monitor System
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Page 149 and 150: edisplay() Controller window A Wind
Page 151 and 152: 18.2.3.1 A start point A start poin
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Page 155 and 156: OMT is a prescriptive method, it pr
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Page 159 and 160: 19.3.2.2 Prepare a data dictionary
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Page 163 and 164: 20.2.1.3 Prepare sequence and colla
Page 165 and 166: 20.2.2.5 Specify optimization crite
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Page 169 and 170: 20.3.2.3 Design optimization The an
Page 171 and 172: 21. Frameworks and Patterns for Obj
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Page 179 and 180: 21.5.5 Running the editor You have
Page 181 and 182: Part Four Testing and Style 181
Page 183 and 184: made worse, because the symbol held
Page 185 and 186: 22.3.2 Incremental testing Incremen
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Page 189 and 190: 22.7.2 The Perform: message The per
Page 191 and 192: From the scenario that a person mig
Page 193 and 194: 23.4 Self testing An approach, sugg
Page 195 and 196: 24. Smalltalk Style Guidelines 24.1
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24.2.4 Adding variables to system c
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should use a dictionary to hold the
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• A method should only send messa
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Table 24.2: Class message categorie
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25. The Perform and Dependency Mech
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• Inheritance (class to class rel
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You can find the methods which impl
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These messages are sent automatical
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26. The Model-View-Controller Archi
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and wit hdrawals and requests for t
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Figure 26.5: Part of the Controller
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model 4. update 1. balance (view) 0
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displayed. The second component add
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27. Graphical User Interface Constr
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27.3.1 Palette The Palette tool pro
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uild a running user interface from
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names) and the actions for buttons
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Edit button, then the user interfac
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27.11 Visual reuse The aim of visua
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Figure 27.17: Defining the parent c
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important, as these facilities hand
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28.3 The AddressBook class 28.3.1 T
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The aspect methods can then be simp
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the name is in the address book, it
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29.2 The custom view widget 29.2.1
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DrawingView model SmallDraw drawing
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The action of adding a new graphic
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The next method we shall consider i
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In the updating protocol we need to
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The displaying protocol contains th
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30. Memory Management and Garbage C
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30.3.3 PermSpace This is used to ho
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31. Concurrency in Smalltalk 31.1 I
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The Semaphore class provides facili
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Once the process wakes up it can de
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31.4.3 Acknowledgments Acknowledgme
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“There are two kinds of objects i
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Object Object class Collection Coll
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ehavior, but from the point of view
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32.5.5 The whole enchilada Behaviou
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33. The Future for Object Technolog
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solutions are needed which suit the
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scripting and query language to use
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34. Appendix: The Smalltalk Languag
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A capitalization convention is used
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• marries: is the message selecto
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Array OrderedCollection SortedColle
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[Coleman et al 1994] D. Coleman, P.
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OOPSLA/ECOOP’90, Joint Conference
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detect.............................
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True...............................
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