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a range of object oriented design methods (including Booch, Objectory and OMT). It is also intended that it should be applicable in a wide range of applications and domains. This chapter (and the next) summarize the UML notation. Chapter 18: UML: Dynamic Modeling and Deployment This chapter continues the description of the Unified Modeling Lan chapter. guage (UML) started in the last Chapter 19: The Object Modeling Technique This chapter, and the next, discuss the influential design method referred to as the Object Modeling Technique (OMT). It summarizes the main phases of OMT using the UML not ation. One extension to OMT is the introduction of use case models from Objectory to improve the requirements analysis process. This is motivated by the inclusion of use case diagrams in the UML. Chapter 20: More Object Modeling Technique This chapter continues the description of the Object Modeling Technique (OMT). Chapter 21: Frameworks and Patterns for Object Oriented Design The aim of this chapter is to introduce the concept of frameworks and in particular patterns. This is still a relatively new idea within Object Orientation, but one which is growing in popularity at an incredible rate. Part 4: Testing and Style Chapter 22: Testing Object Oriented Systems Object oriented systems may make code easier to reuse and may be supported by object oriented analysis and design methods, but they do not guarantee that the code is correct. This chapter looks at some of the issues behind testing object oriented systems. Chapter 23: Method and Class Testing The last chapter discussed the problems facing the test er of an object oriented system (and in particular a Smalltalk system). This chapter considers current best practice in testing object oriented systems. Chapter 24: Smalltalk Style Guidelines The aim of this chapter is the promotion of readable, understan dable, concise and efficient Smalltalk code. A point to note is that style guidelines for languages such as Pascal do not cover many of the issues which are important in Smalltalk. As in any programming language there are a number of acknowledged bad pract ices which are not specific to Smalltalk, for example the use of global variables! Such guidelines are familiar to programmers of most languages. This section will therefore try to concentrate on those style issues which are specific to Smalltalk. Part 5: Graphical Interfaces in Smalltalk Chapter 25: The Perform and Dependency Mechanisms In this chapter the use of perform to provide an alternative method for sending messages is considered. This is followed by a practical discussion of the dependency mecha nism. This includes what the dependency mechanism is, why you might want to use, how you construct a dependency and the effect that it has. Chapter 26: The Model -View-Controller Architecture The Model-View-Controller (or MVC) architecture is the basis upo n which user interfaces are constructed in Smalltalk. The architecture separates out the application from the user interface. This chapter introduces the MVC architecture and explains the motivation behind it. A worked example is presented to illustrate the theoretical description. Chapter 27: Graphic User Interface Construction Tools 4
The user interface construction facilities in Smalltalk are subject to the widest variation between dialects of any aspect of the language. This chapter concentrates on the f acilities provided by the user interface building facilities in VisualWorks. Chapter 28: A Visual Organizer This chapter describes a detailed worked example of how a user interface can be constructed for the Organizer application constructed earlier in the book. Chapter 29: Using a View Within a Window This chapter explains how to use MVC applications within a VisualWorks window. It is useful to be able to do this as not all user interfaces can be accommodated directly by the user interface builder in VisualWorks. Part 6: Further Smalltalk Chapter 30: Memory Management and Garbage Collection This chapter considers why automatic memory management is desirable. It also discusses how Smalltalk’s memory is structured and the garbage collection strategies used. It concludes by considering how to force VisualWorks to place long term objects in the most appropriate region of memory. Chapter 31: Concurrency in Smalltalk This chapter presents and explains a short example of how time slicing can be accomplished wi Smalltalk. thin Chapter 32: The Metaclass Framework The aim of this chapter is to discuss the concept of classes, what they actually are, what they are really used for and why they are important. To do this it introduces the concept of a metaclass and con siders how they are used to provide inheritance and the creation of instances. It also discusses whether it is important for the Smalltalk programmer to be aware of the existence of the metaclass. Part 7: The Future Chapter 33:The Future for Object Technology This chapter brings the many threads in this book together and considers the future of object oriented systems. Appendix Appendix A: The Smalltalk Language Syntax 5
Page 1 and 2: Smalltalk and Object Orientation: A
Page 3: Chapter 7: Smalltalk Constructs Thi
Page 7 and 8: Preface 1. INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT O
Page 9 and 10: 12.5 A CLASS SIDE METHOD...........
Page 11 and 12: 27.3 VISUALWORKS WINDOW PAINTING TO
Page 13: Part One Introduction to Object Ori
Page 16 and 17: interfaces between different parts
Page 18 and 19: een to ease the transition from one
Page 20 and 21: encapsulation. Attempting to introd
Page 22 and 23: is a controversial subject which is
Page 24 and 25: will become second nature to many o
Page 26 and 27: or return something. It has since b
Page 28 and 29: defining the behavior of different
Page 30 and 31: In time most developers start to ac
Page 32 and 33: 2.4.3.4 Smalltalk environments are
Page 34 and 35: 3. Constructing an Object Oriented
Page 36 and 37: Wash wipe switch Wiper motor Relay
Page 38 and 39: Point 2 above is more complicated.
Page 40 and 41: services working? working? working?
Page 42: Part Two The Smalltalk Language 42
Page 45 and 46: other systems. As the browsers, ins
Page 47 and 48: VisualAge (a version of Smalltalk w
Page 49 and 50: 4.5.2 The VisualWorks Launcher and
Page 51 and 52: Class categories. These are group s
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Notifiers can be displayed under a
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These concepts of messages, receive
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Select the “Debug” option. This
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6. Smalltalk Building Blocks 6.1 In
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6.3.1 Class definitions In Smalltal
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Object Class1 Class 2 method search
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“Now calculate y “ y := x * 23.
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7. Smalltalk Constructs 7.1 Introdu
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They are more efficient for storage
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7.5.3 true, false and nil variables
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anArray at: 1 max: 10. This will tr
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Figure 8.1: Defining a new class 8.
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this convention at the moment, howe
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9. Control and Iteration 9.1 Introd
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9.3.3 Block temporary variables Blo
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The brackets round the 1 to: 10 are
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OrderedCollection class (respective
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holding other objects. Typically, c
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| temp | temp := Set new. temp add:
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Next we will define a message proto
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11. Further Collection Classes 11.1
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for (i = 0; i
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x inspect. This has some similariti
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11.9.3 The reject: message The reje
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• asSortedCollection. This create
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Figure 12.2: The Organizer class de
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12.6 The private-updating protocol
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do: [:item | Transcript show: item
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13. Streams and Files 13.1 Introduc
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Notice that in this example we used
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to reconstruct the data into object
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1. The ability to save the current
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14.3 The class Date Class Date, a s
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aCharacter isAlphabetic. aCharacter
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Breakpoints may be placed in a me t
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If the file does not exist you will
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Figure 15.4: Creating a project To
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Part Three Object Oriented Design 1
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16. Object Oriented Analysis and De
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devolved amongst the objects). This
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driving force behind the whole of t
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17. The Unified Modeling Language 1
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Deployment diagrams . Deployment di
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Window abstract +size : Area = (10,
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Micro Computer 1.. * Monitor System
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connectedTo * Lamp * Weight Sensor
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18. UML: Dynamic Modeling And Deplo
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edisplay() Controller window A Wind
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18.2.3.1 A start point A start poin
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etween nodes and their stereotype.
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OMT is a prescriptive method, it pr
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confirming the users’ needs, thei
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19.3.2.2 Prepare a data dictionary
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car, truck and bus under a supercla
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20.2.1.3 Prepare sequence and colla
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20.2.2.5 Specify optimization crite
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are therefore concurrent and can be
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20.3.2.3 Design optimization The an
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21. Frameworks and Patterns for Obj
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As the framework takes shape you sh
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about a set of classes, than to att
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instanceVariableNames: '' classVari
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21.5.5 Running the editor You have
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Part Four Testing and Style 181
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made worse, because the symbol held
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22.3.2 Incremental testing Incremen
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control the execution of the method
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22.7.2 The Perform: message The per
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From the scenario that a person mig
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23.4 Self testing An approach, sugg
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24. Smalltalk Style Guidelines 24.1
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24.2.4 Adding variables to system c
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should use a dictionary to hold the
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• A method should only send messa
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Table 24.2: Class message categorie
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25. The Perform and Dependency Mech
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• Inheritance (class to class rel
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You can find the methods which impl
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These messages are sent automatical
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26. The Model-View-Controller Archi
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and wit hdrawals and requests for t
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Figure 26.5: Part of the Controller
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model 4. update 1. balance (view) 0
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displayed. The second component add
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27. Graphical User Interface Constr
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27.3.1 Palette The Palette tool pro
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uild a running user interface from
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names) and the actions for buttons
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Edit button, then the user interfac
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27.11 Visual reuse The aim of visua
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Figure 27.17: Defining the parent c
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important, as these facilities hand
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28.3 The AddressBook class 28.3.1 T
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The aspect methods can then be simp
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the name is in the address book, it
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29.2 The custom view widget 29.2.1
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DrawingView model SmallDraw drawing
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The action of adding a new graphic
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The next method we shall consider i
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In the updating protocol we need to
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The displaying protocol contains th
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30. Memory Management and Garbage C
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30.3.3 PermSpace This is used to ho
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31. Concurrency in Smalltalk 31.1 I
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The Semaphore class provides facili
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Once the process wakes up it can de
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31.4.3 Acknowledgments Acknowledgme
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“There are two kinds of objects i
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Object Object class Collection Coll
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ehavior, but from the point of view
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32.5.5 The whole enchilada Behaviou
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33. The Future for Object Technolog
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solutions are needed which suit the
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scripting and query language to use
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34. Appendix: The Smalltalk Languag
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A capitalization convention is used
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• marries: is the message selecto
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Array OrderedCollection SortedColle
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[Coleman et al 1994] D. Coleman, P.
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OOPSLA/ECOOP’90, Joint Conference
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detect.............................
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True...............................
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