National Healthcare Disparities Report - LDI Health Economist

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Effectiveness of Care Also, in the NHQR: n In 2009, patients ages 75-84 and 85 and over were more likely to receive recommended hospital care for pneumonia compared with patients under age 65. Outcome: Completion of Tuberculosis Therapy Failure to complete tuberculosis therapy puts patients at increased risk for treatment failure and for spreading the infection to others. Even worse, it may result in the development of drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis. Chapter 2 Respiratory Diseases Figure 2.41. Patients with tuberculosis who completed a curative course of treatment within 1 year of initiation of treatment, by race/ethnicity and place of birth, 2000-2007 Percent 100 95 90 85 White Black API Hispanic 2006 Achievable Benchmark: 92% Percent 100 95 90 85 Total Foreign Born 2006 Achievable Benchmark: 92% 80 80 75 Z 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 75 Z 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Key: API = Asian or Pacific Islander. Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Tuberculosis Surveillance System, 2000-2007. Denominator: U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population treated for tuberculosis. Note: White, Black, and API are non-Hispanic groups. Hispanic includes all races. n The percentage of patients who completed tuberculosis therapy within 1 year increased from 80% in 2000 to 84% in 2007 (Figure 2.41). Improvements were observed among foreign-born patients and among all racial/ethnic groups. n In 6 of 8 years, Hispanics were less likely to complete tuberculosis treatment than non-Hispanic Whites. n The 2006 top 5 State achievable benchmark was 92%. xxiii At the current 0.6% annual rate of increase for the general population and for the foreign-born population, this benchmark would not be attained overall for about 12 years and 14 years, respectively. Blacks could achieve the benchmark in about 7 years while Hispanics would need about 17 years. xxiii The top 5 States contributing to the achievable benchmark are Alaska, Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, and Oregon. 106 National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2011
Effectiveness of Care Also, in the NHQR: n In all years, children ages 0-17 with tuberculosis were more likely than adults ages 18-44 to complete a curative course of treatment within 1 year of initiation of treatment. n In 6 of 8 years, males were less likely to complete tuberculosis treatment than females. Management: Daily Asthma Medication Improving quality of care for people with asthma can reduce the occurrence of asthma attacks and avoidable hospitalizations. The National Asthma Education and Prevention Program, coordinated by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, develops and disseminates science-based guidelines for asthma diagnosis and management (NHLBI, 2007). These recommendations are built around four essential components of asthma management critical for effective long-term control of asthma: assessment and monitoring, control of factors contributing to symptom exacerbation, pharmacotherapy, and education for partnership in care. While not all patients with asthma need medications, patients with persistent asthma need daily long-term controller medication to prevent exacerbations and chronic symptoms. Appropriate preventive medications for people with persistent asthma include inhaled corticosteroids, inhaled long-acting beta-2-agonists, cromolyn, theophylline, and leukotriene modifiers. Figure 2.42. People with current asthma who report taking preventive asthma medicine daily or almost daily, by race/ethnicity and education, 2003-2008 Chapter 2 Respiratory Diseases 50 White Black Hispanic 50
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