National Healthcare Disparities Report - LDI Health Economist

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Highlights References Andrulis DP, Siddiqui NJ, Purtle JP, et al. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010: advancing health equity for racially and ethnically diverse populations. Washington, DC: Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies; 2010. Available at: http://www.jointcenter.org/research/patient-protection-and-affordable-care-act-of-2010-advancing-health-equity-for-raciallyand. Edwards J, DeFiore-Hyrmer J, Pryor B. The Ohio plan to prevent heart disease and stroke, 2008-2012. Columbus, OH: Office of Healthy Ohio, Ohio Department of Health; 2009. Available at: http://www.odh.ohio.gov/ASSETS/B491AE7C8ADF4D86ACA544498A7FACCA/heart%20disease%20and%20stroke%203-4- 10.pdf. Hanlon C, Raetzman S. State uses of hospital discharge databases to reduce racial and ethnic disparities. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2010. Available at: http://www.hcupus.ahrq.gov/reports/race/C18RECaseStudyReportforWEBfinal99.pdf. Hanlon C, Rosenthal J. Improving care coordination and service linkages to support healthy child development: early lessons and recommendations from a five-state consortium. Portland, ME: National Academy for State Health Policy (NASHP); 2011. http://www.nashp.org/publication/improving-care-coordination-and-service-linkages. HHS action plan to reduce racial and ethnic health disparities. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2011a. Available at: http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/npa/templates/content.aspxlvl=1&lvlid=33&ID=285. HHS announces new resources to help states implement Affordable Care Act. HHS Press Office, January 20, 2011. Available at: http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2011pres/01/20110120b.html. Input to the Secretary of Health and Human Services on priorities for the national quality strategy. Washington, DC: National Priorities Partnership; 2011. Available at: http://www.qualityforum.org/WorkArea/linkit.aspxItemID=68238. Institute of Medicine. Race, ethnicity, and language data: standardization for health care quality improvement. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2009. Available at: http://www.ahrq.gov/research/iomracereport/. National strategy for quality improvement in health care. Washington, DC: HHS; 2011b. Available at: http://www.healthcare.gov/center/reports/quality03212011a.html. Office of Minority Health. Explanation of data standards for race, ethnicity, sex, primary language, and disability. Available at: http://www.minorityhealth.hhs.gov/templates/content.aspxID=9228&lvl=2&lvlID. Rosenthal J, Gauthier A, Arons A. State strategies to improve quality and efficiency: making the most of opportunities in national health reform. Portland, ME: NASHP; 2010. Available at: http://www.nashp.org/sites/default/files/state.strategies.improve.quality.efficiency.pdf. Rosenthal J, Hanlon C. Nonpayment for preventable events and conditions: aligning state and federal policies to drive health system improvement. Portland, ME: NASHP; 2009. Available at: http://www.nashp.org/publication/nonpayment-preventableevents-and-conditions-aligning-state-and-federal-policies-drive. Rosenthal J, Takach M. 2007 guide to state adverse event reporting systems. Portland, ME: NASHP; December 2007. Publication No. 2007-301. Available at: http://www.nashp.org/sites/default/files/shpsurveyreport_adverse2007.pdf. Silow-Carroll S. Rhode Island’s Pediatric Practice Enhancement Project: parents helping parents and practitioners. New York, NY: Commonwealth Fund; 2009. Available at: http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/Files/Publications/Case%20Study/2010/Jan/1361_SilowCarroll_Rhode_Island_PP EP_case_study.pdf. Weinick RM, Caglia JM, Friedman E, et al. Measuring racial and ethnic health care disparities in Massachusetts. Health Aff 2007;26( 5):1293-1302. 34 National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2011
Introduction and Methods Chapter 1. Introduction and Methods In 1999, Congress directed the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) to produce an annual report on “national trends in the quality of health care provided to the American people.” i With support from the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and private-sector partners, AHRQ has designed and produced the National Healthcare Quality Report (NHQR) to respond to this legislative mandate. The NHQR provides a comprehensive overview of the quality of health care received by the general population and is designed to summarize data across a wide range of patient needs—staying healthy, getting better, living with chronic illness and disability, and coping with the end of life. AHRQ was further tasked with producing an annual report that tracks “prevailing disparities in health care delivery as it relates to racial factors and socioeconomic factors in priority populations.” ii Titled the National Healthcare Disparities Report (NHDR), this report examines disparities in health care received by designated priority populations. The referenced priority populations consist of groups with unique health care needs or issues that require special focus, such as racial and ethnic minorities, low-income populations, and people with special health care needs. AHRQ’s charge includes a directive to examine disparities in health care access, utilization, costs, outcomes, satisfaction, and perceptions of care. Chapter 1 The first NHQR and NHDR were significantly shaped by several Institute of Medicine (IOM) reports. Crossing the Quality Chasm (IOM, 2001) and To Err Is Human (Kohn, et al., 2000) raised awareness about gaps in the quality of health care and patient safety. The extensive literature review included in the IOM report Unequal Treatment (IOM, 2003) drew attention to disparities in the care rendered to racial and ethnic populations, low-income populations, and other vulnerable groups. Before the publication of the first reports, AHRQ tasked the IOM with developing a vision for the two reports. With support from an HHS Interagency Work Group and AHRQ’s National Advisory Council, AHRQ has designed and produced the NHQR and NHDR since 2003. Changes to the Reports Over the years, AHRQ introduced several refinements to the NHQR and NHDR measure set and methodology. These include the following: n 2004: Goal of the reports was expanded to include tracking of the Nation’s quality improvement progress. n 2005: Reports introduced a set of core measures and a variety of new composite measures. n 2006: Data, measures, and methods were improved; databases and measures were added; and methods for quantifying and tracking changes in health care were refined. n 2007: Chapter on health care efficiency was launched. n 2008: Chapter on patient safety was expanded. n 2009: New sections were included on lifestyle modification, healthcare-associated infections, and care coordination. i 42 U.S.C. 299b-2(b)(2). ii 42 U.S.C. 299a-1(a)(6). National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2011 35
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