National Healthcare Disparities Report - LDI Health Economist

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Patient Centeredness Patient Language Diversity at Hospitals The overall percentage of Americans that belong to minority groups is increasing, and the total number of minorities in the United States surpassed 100 million in 2007 (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2007). A large number of these groups are made up of recent immigrants and groups that may not speak English as their primary language (Shin & Kominski, 2010). When members of these groups seek health care, language barriers may present significant challenges to communication with their providers and caregivers. Chapter 5 The ability to capture the variety and numbers of patients who speak languages other than English is a recent new development, and two States (California and New Jersey) seem to have data that are robust enough to be reported at present. The following figures present some of these new State-level data that allow more insight into this topic. Table 5.1. Top 10 most widely spoken languages in California and New Jersey California’s Top 10 Leading Languages Rank Language Frequency Percent 1 English 3,308,171 83.01% 2 Spanish 477,288 11.98% 3 Chinese 24,230 0.61% 4 Vietnamese 15,958 0.40% 5 Tagalog 12,168 0.31% 6 Korean 11,956 0.30% 7 Armenian 9,586 0.24% 8 Russian 6,939 0.17% 9 Arabic 4,280 0.11% 10 Japanese 2,624 0.07% New Jersey’s Top 10 Leading Languages Rank Language Frequency Percent 1 English 1,002,701 89.35% 2 Spanish 59,797 5.33% 3 “Other” 35,134 3.13% 4 Portuguese 2,203 0.20% 5 Arabic 1,784 0.16% 6 Italian 1,378 0.12% 7 Hindi 1,378 0.12% 8 Korean 1,364 0.12% 9 Polish 1,296 0.12% 10 Chinese 1,104 0.10% Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases. Note: California and New Jersey only. 172 National Healthcare Quality Report, 2011
Patient Centeredness Figure 5.6. California and New Jersey hospitals with a high number of patients for whom English was not their primary language, by ownership, teaching status, occupancy load, and geographic location, 2009 100 High Numbers of Non-English Speakers Low Numbers of Non-English Speakers 90 Percent 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Private, For Profit Private, Not For Profit Public Teaching Nonteaching High Occupancy Medium Occupancy Low Occupancy Large Metro Small Metro Micropolitan Noncore Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases. Note: Data are from 42 hospitals and 229,394 discharges. High-percentage Spanish hospitals represent the top 10% of facilities with the highest percentages of patients for whom English is not their primary language. California and New Jersey only. Chapter 5 n Only 7% of privately owned, for-profit hospitals were in the group with a high percentage of non- English-speaking patients (top 10%), whereas 9% of private, not-for-profit hospitals had a high percentage of non-English-speaking patients (Figure 5.6). About 16% of public hospitals had a high percentage of non-English-speaking patients. n Almost a quarter (23%) of teaching hospitals had a high percentage of non-English-speaking patients, but only 6% of non-teaching hospitals had a high percentage of non-English-speaking patients. n Based on occupancy rates, 18% of high-occupancy hospitals had a high percentage of non-Englishspeaking patients. Only 8% of medium-occupancy hospitals had a high percentage of non-Englishspeaking patients, and just 3% of low-occupancy hospitals had a high percentage of non-Englishspeaking patients. n Geographic location also seems to be associated with the percentage of hospitals that have a large percentage of patients whose primary language is not English. Thirteen percent of large metropolitan hospitals had a high percentage of non-English-speaking patients, and only 4% of small metropolitan hospitals had a high percentage of non-English-speaking patients. No micropolitan or noncore hospitals had a high percentage of non-English-speaking patients. National Healthcare Quality Report, 2011 173
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NATIONAL HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES REP
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