National Healthcare Disparities Report - LDI Health Economist

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Effectiveness of Care Outcome: Deaths of People With HIV Improved management of HIV infection has contributed to declines in the number of new AIDS cases in the United States since the 1990s (CDC, 2005). HIV infection deaths reflect a number of factors, including underlying rates of HIV risk behaviors, prevention of HIV transmission, early detection and treatment of HIV disease, and management of AIDS and its complications. Figure 2.23. HIV infection deaths per 100,000 population, by ethnicity/gender and ethnicity/age, 2007 Non-Hispanic White Chapter 2 HIV and AIDS Percent 30 25 20 15 Non-Hispanic White Non-Hispanic Black Hispanic Percent 40 30 20 Non-Hispanic Black Hispanic 10 10 5 0 Male Female 0 18-44 45-64 65+ Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System—Mortality, 2007. Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. Rates are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population. n Overall, in 2007, the HIV infection death rate for males was more than twice that of females (5 deaths per 100,000 population compared with 2 deaths per 100,000 population) (data not shown). n In 2007, the rate of HIV infection deaths was higher for non-Hispanic Black males (25 deaths per 100,000 population) and Hispanic males (6 deaths per 100,000 population) compared with non- Hispanic White males (3 deaths per 100,000 population) (Figure 2.23). n In 2007, non-Hispanic Black females (12 deaths per 100,000 population) and Hispanic females (2 deaths per 100,000 population) had higher HIV infection death rates than non-Hispanic White females (1 death per 100,000 population). n In 2007, non-Hispanic Blacks had higher HIV death rates than non-Hispanic Whites for all age groups. Also, in the NHQR: n From 2004 to 2007, the rate of HIV infection deaths decreased for people ages 18-44 (from 6 to 4 deaths per 100,000 population) and 45-64 (from 9 to 8 deaths per 100,000 population). Males were more likely than females to have higher HIV death rates. 82 National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2011
Effectiveness of Care Maternal and Child Health Importance Mortality Number of maternal deaths (2007) ......................................................................................548 (Xu, et al., 2010) Number of infant deaths (2009)......................................................................................29,138 (Xu, et al., 2010) Demographics Number of children xvi (2009)..................................................................74,225,447 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2009) Number of babies born in United States (2009).................................................4,130,665 (Martin, et al., 2011) Cost Total cost of health care for children (2007)...........................................................$102.4 billion (MEPS, 2007) Cost-effectiveness of vision screening for children.........................$0-$14,000/QALY (Maciosek, et al., 2006) Cost-effectiveness of childhood immunization series (2001)............................approx. $16 (Zhou, et al., 2005) Chapter 2 Maternal and Child Health Measures The NHQR and NHDR track several prevention, treatment, and outcome measures related to maternal and child health care. The measures highlighted in this section are: n Obstetric trauma. n Recommended immunizations for young children. n Emergency department visits for asthma. n Dental visits. n Untreated dental caries. In addition, this year we include a focus on health care for adolescents. Measures for adolescents include: n Well visit in the last year. n Receipt of meningococcal vaccine. xvi In this report, children are defined as individuals under age 18. National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2011 83
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U.S. Department of Health and Human
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