Alternatives for Brominated Flame Retardants - Miljøstyrelsen
Alternatives for Brominated Flame Retardants - Miljøstyrelsen
Alternatives for Brominated Flame Retardants - Miljøstyrelsen
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,QKDODWLRQ Three groups of 8 month old Wistar derived rats (90 males and 90<br />
females per group) were exposed by inhalation to either antimony<br />
trioxide (time-weighted average (TWA) 45 mg/m 3 ), antimony ore<br />
concentrate (TWA 36 +40 mg/m 3 ), or filtered air (controls) <strong>for</strong> 7<br />
h/day, 5 day/wk, <strong>for</strong> up to 52 weeks and sacrificed 20 weeks after<br />
terminating exposures. The concentration of antimony (Sb) in the<br />
lung of male rats (38,300 ug Sb/g) exposed to antimony trioxide was<br />
significantly larger than that in female rats (25,000 ug/g) exposed to<br />
antimony trioxide. The lung of both male and female rats exposed to<br />
antimony trioxide contained significantly more Sb than the lungs of<br />
males and females exposed to Sb ore (approximately 5 times larger).<br />
♦The most significant findings were the presence of lung neoplasms<br />
in 27% of females exposed to antimony trioxide and 25% of females<br />
exposed to Sb ore concentrate. None of the male rats in any group or<br />
the female controls developed lung eoplasms. [4].<br />
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No relevant data found<br />
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Antimony trioxide produced differential killing in DNA repairproficient<br />
compared to repair-deficient strains of Bacillus subtilis. In<br />
a spot test it was not mutagenic to Escherichia coli B/rWP2 or to<br />
Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98 or<br />
TA100 (details not given). [4].<br />
In general the substance is less mutagenic than many other metals<br />
such as As, Cr and Ni [7].<br />
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No relevant data found<br />
No relevant data found<br />
Antimony trioxide is not genotoxic in vivo and does not present a<br />
genotoxic hazard to humans [7].<br />
♦There is inadequate evidence <strong>for</strong> the carcinogenicity of antimony<br />
trioxide in humans. There is sufficient evidence <strong>for</strong> the carcinogenicity<br />
of antimony trioxide in experimental animals. The overall evaluation<br />
is there<strong>for</strong>e: ‘Antimony trioxide is probably carcinogenic to<br />
humans’ (IARC: Group 2B)". [4].<br />
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5HSURGXFWLYH7R[LFLW\ Female rats were exposed by inhalation <strong>for</strong> 4 hours per day <strong>for</strong> 1.5-2<br />
months to 0 or 250 mg/m 3 antimony trioxide. They were then mated,<br />
and exposure continued until days 3-5 be<strong>for</strong>e expected delivery.<br />
Pregnancy was obtained in 16/24 treated females and in 10/10 controls.<br />
Litter size and weight of offspring at birth and weaning were<br />
not altered by exposure to antimony trioxide. [4].
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