Alternatives for Brominated Flame Retardants - MiljÃ¸styrelsen

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Explosivity Oxidising properties Mobility 7R[LFRORJLFDO'DWD Observation in humans Acute Toxicity Oral Dermal Inhalation Other Routes Skin Irritation Eye Irritation Irritation of Respiratory Tract Skin Sensitisation Sensitisation by Inhalation Subchronic and Chronic Toxicity Observation in humans Oral Inhalation Dermal Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity Mutagenicity Gene Mutation Chromosome Abnormalities Other Genotoxic Effects Cancer review Reproductive Toxicity, Embryotoxicity and Teratogenicity Reproductive Toxicity Teratogenicity Other Toxicity Studies Toxicokinetics (FRWR[LFLW\'DWD Algae Crustacean Fish Bacteria 12
(QYLURQPHQWDO)DWH BCF Aerobic biodegradation Anaerobic biodegradation Metabolic pathway +HDOWKDQG(QYLURQPHQWDO6XPPDU\ Attention is drawn to the fact that no assessment of hazard or risk is made, nor is exposure included in the screening. The references mentioned after each compound screening comprise the consulted literature. 'DWDTXDOLW\ 5HPDUNV Since the screening is based on compiled results in reviews, handbook and databases the data quality is difficult to evaluate. In the selection of data for the screening emphasis has been given to more recent data and studies performed after test guidelines, wherever this could be identified. In the ecotoxicology section the phrases very toxic, toxic and harmful are used according to the classification of effects: < 1 mg/l, 1-10 mg/l and 10- 100 mg/l, respectively. Studies with the standard suite of test organisms (algae, crustaceans and fish) have been emphasised. The bioaccumulation is evaluated by using the bioconcentration factor (BCF). If a BCF of 100 is exceeded, typically from fish studies, the BCF is considered high. Metals are not evaluated according to BCF, since essential metals (and those co-transported) are transported into organisms against concentration gradients, and steady state concentration factors are not established. Metals are natural elements and as such biodegradation is not possible. The evaluated metals, however, are metal compounds and may dissociate, be oxidised or reduced to another state in the environment. A metal is evaluated as the compound (e.g. a certain salt) for which the CAS no. is given. Several of the metal compounds may dissociate in the aquatic environment into the parent metal ion and a salt. Where possible a limited data set on the parent metal or toxic ligand has been given. The concomitant reassociation of the metal-ion with various inorganic or organic compounds (speciation) is not included in the screening, but may affect the environmental bioavailability of the original compounds considerably. The screening of the alternatives concerning impact on health is based on the references listed within each form. These references have been reviewed. The amount of data has been varying. In one case (zinc borate) the conclusion is based on the solubility of the substance in water compared to the solubility of sodium borate with know toxicological effects. The effects of sodium borate are extrapolated to zinc borate by using the ratio between the solubility of the compounds. 13
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Alternatives for Brominated Flame Retardants - MiljÃ¸styrelsen

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