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THE BIRTH OF MODERN SOCIALISM 133
ties. Arriving by an entirely different route, he had
come to opinions almost identical with those of Marx;
and the next year he persuaded Marx to visit the factory
districts of Lancashire, in order to acquaint himself actually
with the enraged struggle then being fought between
masters and men. Engels had not gone to a university,
although he seems somehow to have acquired, despite his
business cares and active association with the men and
movements of his time, a thorough education. On the
other hand, Marx was a university man, having studied
at Jena, Bonn, and Berlin. Like most of the serious
young men of the period, Marx was a devoted Hegelian-.
When his university days were over, he became the editor
of the Rheinische Zeitung of Cologne, but at the age
of twenty-four he found his paper suppressed because
of his radical utterances. He went to Paris, only to be
expelled in 1845. He found a refuge in Belgium until
1848, when the Government evidently thought
it wise that
he should move on. Shortly after, he returned to Germany
to take up his editorial work once more, but in
1849, his Neue Rheinische Zeitung was suppressed, and
he was forced to return to Paris. The authorities, not
wishing him there, sent him off to London, where he remained
the rest of his life. By the irony of fate, even the
governments of Europe seemed to be conspiring to force
Marx to become the best equipped man of his time. To
the leisure and travel enforced upon him by the European
governments was due in no small measure his long
schooling in economic theory, revolutionary political
movements, and working-class methods of action. Both
he and Engels penetrated into every nest of discontent.
They came personally in touch with every group of dissidents.
They spent many weary but invaluable weeks in
the greatest libraries of Europe, with the result that they