Untitled

THE NEWEST ANARCHISM 245
that turbulence in strikes tends to disappear as the workers
develop organized strength. In most countries violence
has been frankly recognized as a weakness, and
tremendous efforts have been made by the workers themselves
to render violence unnecessary by developing power
through organization. But in France the very acts that
result from weakness and despair have been greeted
with enthusiasm by the anarchists and the effete intellectuals
as the beginning of new and improved revolutionary
methods.
Both, then, in their philosophy and in their methods,
anarchism and syndicalism have much in common, but
there also exist certain differences which cannot be overlooked.
Anarchism is a doctrine of individualism; syndicalism
is a doctrine of working-class action. Anarchism
appeals only to the individual; syndicalism appeals also
to a class. Furthermore, anarchism is a remnant of
eighteenth-century philosophy, while syndicalism is a
product of an immature factory system. Marx and
Engels frequently spoke of anarchism as a petty-bourgeois
philosophy, but in the early syndicalism of Robert
Owen they saw more than that, considering
it as the
forerunner of an actual working-class movement. When
these differences have been stated, there is little more to
be said, and, on the whole, Yvetot was justified in saying
at the congress of Toulouse :
(1910) "I am reproached
with confusing syndicalism and anarchism. It
is not my fault if anarchism and syndicalism have the
same ends in view. The former pursues the integral
emancipation of the individual; the latter the integral
emancipation of the workingman.
I find the whole of
syndicalism in anarchism." (17) When we leave
the theories of syndicalism to study its methods, we
find them identical with those of the anarchists. The