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et Souvenirs, Vol. IV, p. vii. 229
CHAPTER X
THE NEWEST ANARCHISM
At the beginning of the nineties the socialists were
jubilant. Their great victory in Germany and the enormous
growth of the movement in all countries assured
them that the foundations had at last been laid for the
great world-wide movement that they had so long
dreamed of. Internal struggles had largely disappeared,
and the mighty energies of the movement were being
turned to the work of education and of organization.
Great international socialist congresses were now the
natural outgrowth of powerful and extensive national
movements.
Yet, almost at this very moment there was
of dissi-
forming in the Latin countries a new group
dents who were endeavoring to resurrect what Bakounin
called in 1871 French socialism, and what our old friend
Guillaume recognized to be a revival of the principles
and methods of the anarchist International.* And, indeed,
in 1895, what may perhaps be best described as the
renascence of anarchism appeared in France under an
old and influential name. Up to that time syndicalism
signified nothing more than trade unionism, and the
French sxndicats were merely associations of workmen
struggling to obtain higher wages and shorter hours of
labor. But in 1895 the term began to have a different
* His words are : "What is the General Confederation of
Labor, if not the continuation of the International" Documents