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The Real And Complex Number Systems

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For complex θ, we show that it holds as follows. Note that sin z = eiz −e −iz<br />

2i<br />

and cos z = eiz +e −iz<br />

, we have<br />

2<br />

( ) e<br />

3 cos 2 z sin z − sin 3 iz + e −iz 2 ( ) ( ) e iz − e −iz e iz − e −iz 3<br />

z = 3<br />

−<br />

2<br />

2i<br />

2i<br />

( ) ( ) e 2zi + e −2zi + 2 e iz − e −iz<br />

= 3<br />

+ e3zi − 3e iz + 3e −iz − e −3zi<br />

4<br />

2i<br />

8i<br />

= 1 [ (<br />

3 e 2zi + e −2zi + 2 ) ( e zi − e −zi) + ( e 3zi − 3e iz + 3e −iz − e −3zi)]<br />

8i<br />

= 1 [(<br />

3e 3zi + 3e iz − 3e −iz − 3e −3zi) + ( e 3zi − 3e iz + 3e −iz − e −3zi)]<br />

8i<br />

= 4 (<br />

e 3zi − e −3zi)<br />

8i<br />

= 1 (<br />

e 3zi − e −3zi)<br />

2i<br />

Similarly, we also have<br />

= sin 3z.<br />

cos 3 z − 3 cos z sin 2 z = cos 3z.<br />

1.46 Define tan z = sin z/ cos z and show that for z = x + iy, we have<br />

tan z =<br />

sin 2x + i sinh 2y<br />

cos 2x + cosh 2y .<br />

31

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