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INTERNET OF THINGS In brief Relatively new in South Africa, the Internet of Things is a worldwide trend that enables integrated solutions incorporating the physical world, cyberspace and humans. It makes possible, for example, a world in which energy demands are optimised, the load managed and controlled through the intelligent control of appliances, utilities and devices, or where the devices at home could make sense of weather predictions and pre-emptively change settings on ‘things’ to make houses more comfortable. The CSIR is researching various applications and technologies to make the Internet of Things work for South Africans. The Internet of Things team, led by Dr Louis Coetzee (second from right): Andrew Smith, Sizakele Mathaba, Laurie Butgereit, Promise Mvelase, Guillaume Olivrin and Dr Nomusa Dlodlo. The challenge Access to information for enhanced decision making has become a priority in today’s world. Accurate information in real time is needed by individuals, industry and governments for effective and responsible use of resources, and improved planning and execution of activities. More and more devices and physical objects are being connected to the Internet. Each is creating volumes of data; when processed, the data can be used by decision makers. Appropriate actions impacting on the environment can be executed once the information received from the many heterogeneous elements has been processed. CSIR research The Internet of Things posits a world where all devices and physical entities are connected to the Internet, creating a network of unprecedented scale, each device or physical entity with its own Internet Protocol number, each with its own published set of ‘services’, based on the physical attributes and virtual ‘personality’, allowing people and other devices to interact with the physical world through cyberspace. These objects are identifiable in terms of status, geo-location and ability – an expanded Internet to which services and intelligence are added. As these objects will be connected in both a sensory and intelligent manner, masses of data are intelligently processed. The CSIR is researching various applications, such as the technology required to optimise and balance energy consumption in a ‘smart city’. This involves a fusion of research trends – distributed intelligence, statistical analysis and interoperability mechanisms for heterogeneous devices and cloud computing. Unsolved issues in the context of the Internet of Things phenomenon are the rights of individuals, governance and trust. In addition, many technological platforms and solutions make up the Internet of Things. Ensuring interoperability through appropriate standardisation is a high priority. The envisioned scale and complexity introduced by the large number of participating elements is an enormous challenge. It raises questions such as how the robustness of solutions can be ensured. Internet of Things solutions and applications will face a data deluge; researchers will have to consider how the data from billions of things will be processed, stored and maintained for future generations. Outputs The Internet of Things concept has been demonstrated in domains such as logistics, transport and asset tracking, smart environments, health, energy, defence and agriculture. Research at the CSIR has shown the success of smaller, vertical solutions, such as finding and identifying misplaced objects or using quick response (QR) codes for tree identification. This was done in the context of a code-sprints training programme for five students. 62
ict The research has been documented in papers and conference presentations, such as the presentation, Linking the Internet of Things to Social Media: A Look at the Vaal Dam, at the zawww2011 conference. Two other recent papers include contributions to the IST-Africa 2011 conference proceedings. Outcomes A project with the Department of Water Affairs (DWA) has demonstrated the viability of communicating important information on water levels of three South African dams (Vaal, Bloemhof and Van der Kloof) by using the Internet of Things concepts. Information is retrieved from the DWA website and posted automatically to social media, i.e. Twitter and Facebook, for interested parties to access. The dam then becomes a ‘thing’ with cyber representation. Monitoring of electricity consumption at the CSIR has been another outcome of the use of this technological concept. Consumption in small work areas is collected automatically and disseminated via social media. Patterns of energy usage can in turn inform decisions regarding usage of appliances to support energy effi ciency. The value of the Internet of Things lies in its potential to support decision making through computing that is part of business, personal and societal environments. Knowledge benefi ting society is created through solutions that integrate things and people. Decision making at a higher level stands to gain from this research. An example is the combination of environmental data on polluted water and high rainfall with data on deforestation, to make it possible to extract information on polluted fl ooding. An appropriate response can thus be generated. Getting to grips Internet of Things: Connectedness of everyday objects (‘things’) to the Internet. Everything will be connected to everything else – any place, any time, anything, anyone, any service; creating unprecedented masses of data to store and process. A QR or quick response code is a specifi c matrix bar-code (or two-dimensional code), readable by dedicated QR bar-code readers and camera phones. The information encoded can be text, URL (Internet address) or other data. 63 PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS
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ANNUAL REPORT 2010/11
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5AUDIT REPORT 106 Report of the Aud
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contribution to the pursuit of scie
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engagement with all its stakeholder
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focuses on establishing new develop
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Nanotechnology, specifi cally nanos
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Page 35 and 36: health group has hosted and trained
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Table 2: Building and transforming
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The CSIR achieved outstanding perfo
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B Five-year review of income and ex
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121 EXECUTIVE REPORT
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ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 123
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1 PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES (co
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3OPERATING PROFIT GROUP The net ope
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6PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 2011
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8INTEREST IN JOINT VENTURES AND ASS
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13 DEFERRED TAx ASSET GROUP Balance
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18 RETIREMENT BENEFITS OF EMPLOYEES
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19 REMUNERATION OF BOARD MEMBERS, D
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20 CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND FACIL
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23 RECONCILIATION OF OPERATING PROF
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25 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (cont
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26 SUBSEQUENT EVENTS 26.1 Satellite
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Interests of the CSIR Net indebtnes
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169 2010 FIFA SOCCER WORLD CUP
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ACCESS Applied Centre for Climate a
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Printed on Hi-Q Titan Plus environm
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