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ICT R&D and innovation for broadband access In brief The Broadband for All (BB4All) initiative is one example of how new technology and local research, development and innovation are used to support and contribute to national broadband infrastructure. At its completion, the project aims to have connected about 450 facilities (e.g. schools, clinics and other government facilities) and developed at least 45 village operator businesses. The challenge Broadband is a critical enabler of economic growth. However, its penetration is poor in most African countries. Broadband infrastructure in rural areas will help with access to essential services such as health care and education, and bring other services, such as government services, closer to people. CSIR research The CSIR offers unique information and communications technology (ICT) capability and approaches to improve access to broadband in an innovative and relevant way. Research work includes wireless mesh networks for communitybased rural broadband as a key enabler of the BB4All initiative. Wireless mesh networks Wireless mesh technologies use unconventional methods to communicate information. Instead of the traditional point-to-multi-point communication, it is based on peer-to-peer communication between network nodes. The CSIR’s wireless mesh technologies make use of high performance nodes (HPNs) to establish peer-to-peer communication within the network. Imagine a community with HPNs installed at certain points (users). If a person in one house wishes to relay a message to another at a different house where direct communication is not possible, the message will go through the other nodes until it reaches its destination. These nodes do not necessarily use one route; if one node goes down, the others are able to relay the message using another route. Since this technology enables self-healing of the network, the HPNs are able to find these other routes automatically. Broadband for All using wireless mesh networks BB4All aims to provide affordable broadband connectivity to under-serviced, rural communities. It uses low-cost infrastructure that is owned and supported by the local community, to create socioeconomic and commercial opportunities. At the heart of the BB4All initiative is the Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) project. It is funded by the European Union through the Sector Budget Support programme of the Department of Science and Technology. The collaborative project started in 2009, with roll out of a broadband network in the Nkangala district in Mpumalanga. The project will also roll out to the Sekhukhune district in Limpopo and the John Taolo Gaetsewe district in the Northern Cape. Outcomes Developing human capital in communities The key success factor in this initiative is the village operators (VOs), who work within communities to provide and manage the BB4All network. There are 18 VOs working in 15 communities in the Nkangala district. VOs are young local entrepreneurs with a keen interest in ICTs and who want to be self-employed. They are sourced from the targeted communities and will service their own communities. Installation of wireless mesh equipment at a school. To date, wireless mesh equipment has been installed in more than 200 facilities to connect them to the Internet. These facilities include 175 schools, school circuit manager offices and a community radio station. The initiative uses established wireless mesh research and transforms it into an innovative approach to real-life situations. Through this intervention, the improvement of the quality of life of rural or underserviced areas of South Africa has become a possibility. This project also provides the opportunity for multidisciplinary research where social and business aspects are integrated with technological research to provide a sustainable business model. 64
ict The VOs are encouraged through training and mentoring to build and maintain their own businesses. They receive business and basic technical training, which is augmented by training on WMN technology and experiential learning. All these aspects support and encourage self-learning, a key skill for the VOs and communities to be self-sustainable. The BB4All model learns from other past and current CSIR ICT innovations and models such as Infopreneurs® and the Digital Doorway TM . Developing local ICT businesses Local manufacturers are used to manufacture some of the wireless mesh equipment, for example, Parsec manufactures the HPNs. This stimulates the use of local products and local labour. Ingwapele Technologies employs 10 permanent staff members, who through this project, are trained to install the nodes and other equipment unique to the WMN. Wireless mesh networks connecting schools. Nkangala Village Operators – new entrepreneurs who received an ICT boost. One of the village operators, Sibusiso Mazibuko says, “We wake up every morning to go to the offi ce. You should see Michael Mabena and Innocent Nene going to their offi ce; you would be convinced they are working on Wall Street! Such is the pride we have in this project.” 65 PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS
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ANNUAL REPORT 2010/11
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5AUDIT REPORT 106 Report of the Aud
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contribution to the pursuit of scie
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engagement with all its stakeholder
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focuses on establishing new develop
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Nanotechnology, specifi cally nanos
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The CSIR achieved outstanding perfo
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B Five-year review of income and ex
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121 EXECUTIVE REPORT
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ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 123
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3OPERATING PROFIT GROUP The net ope
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6PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 2011
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25 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (cont
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26 SUBSEQUENT EVENTS 26.1 Satellite
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Interests of the CSIR Net indebtnes
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169 2010 FIFA SOCCER WORLD CUP
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ACCESS Applied Centre for Climate a
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Printed on Hi-Q Titan Plus environm
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