15. Data collected by operators and submitted to MCM should be properly analysed and collated into a report, with annual updates released annually in a newsletter sent out to SABBWWA members. 16. MCM should support research on the status of the whales and impacts of boat-based whale watching. Marketing and publicity 17. Marketing needs to be increased, and needs investment by government bodies such as SATOUR. 75
9. REFERENCES Apps, P. 1996. Smither’s Mammals of Southern Africa: A field guide. Southern Book Publishers (Ltd), Cape Town. Baxter, A.S. 1994. The management of whale and dolphin watching, Kaikora, New Zealand. In: Postle, D. & Simmons, M. “Encounters with whales ’93: a conference to further explore the management issues relating to human/whale interactions”, Lady Elliot Island, Australia, 6-10 September 1993. Pp 108-120. Berrow, S.D. 2003. An assessment of the framework, legislation and monitoring required to develop genuinely sustainable whalewatching. In Marine Ecotourism: Issues and Experiences. Eds. Garrod, B and Wilson, J Channel View Publications pp. 66-78. Best, P.B. 2000. Coastal distribution, movements and site fidelity of right whales Eubalaena australis off South Africa, 1969-1998. South African Journal of Marine Science 22: 43-55. Best, P.B., Findlay, K.P., Sekiguchi, K., Peddemors, V.M., Rakotonirina, B., Rossouw, A. and Gove, D. 1998. Winter distribution and possible migration routes of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae in the southwest Indian Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 162: 287-299. Best, P.B, Sekiguchi, K. and Findlay, K.P. 1995. A suspended migration of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae on the west-coast of South Africa. Marine ecology-Progress Series 118 (1-3): 1-12. Carlson, C. 2001. A review of Whale Watch Guidelines and Regulations around the World: Version 2004. International Fund for Animal Welfare, Yarmouth Port, MA, USA, pp 133. Conservation and Management of Whales and Dolphins in Queensland 1997-2001. The State of Queensland, Department of Environment 1997. DEAT. 2000. White Paper for Sustainable Coastal Development in South Africa. Department of <strong>Environmental</strong> Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria. Elwen, S.H. and Best, P.B. 2004a. <strong>Environmental</strong> factors influencing the distribution of southern right whales (Eubaleana australis) of the south coast of South Africa I: Broad scale patterns. Marine Mammal Science 20(3): 567-582. Elwen S.H. and Best, P.B. 2004b. <strong>Environmental</strong> factors influencing the distribution of southern right whales (Eubaleana australis) of the south coast of South Africa II: Within bay distribution. Marine Mammal Science 20(3): 583-601. Findlay KP. 1997. Attitudes and expenditures of whale watchers in Hermanus, South Africa. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 27(2): 56-62. Findlay, K.P. and Best, P.B. 1996. Estimates of the numbers of humpback whales observed migrating past cape Vidal, South Africa, 1988-1991. Marine Mammal Science 12(3): 354-370. Garrod, B. and Fennell, D.A. 2004. An Analysis of Whalewatching Codes of Conduct. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 31 No. 2 pp 334-352. Greenpeace. 2001. Principles and Policy Guidelines on Whale Watching pp. 11. Heckel, G., Espejel, I. and Fisher, D.W. 2003. Issue definition and planning for Whale watching management strategies in Ensenada, Mexico. Coastal Management Vol 31 pp 277-296. Hoyt, E. 2001. Whale Watching 2001: Worldwide tourism numbers, expenditures, and expanding socio-economic benefits. International Fund for Animal Welfare, Yarmouth Port, MA, USA, pp 158. Hoyt, E. and Hvenegaard, G.T. 2002. A Review of Whale Watching and Whaling with applications for the Caribbean. Coastal Management Vol 30 pp. 381-399. IFAW Report. 2004. From Whalers to Whale Watchers: The growth of whale watching tourism in Australia. A report for IFAW – the International Fund for Animal Welfare. Orams, M.B. 2002. Humpback Whales in Tonga: An Economic Resource for Tourism. Coastal Management Vol 30 pp. 361-380. Osborne, R.W., Koski, K.L and Tallmon, R.E. 2001. Voluntary Marine Protected Areas and Adaptive Management in the San Juan Islands. Puget Sound Research. Friday Harbour, Washington, The Whale Museum Stuart, C. and Stuart, T. 1988. Field Guide to the Mammals of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town. Turpie, J.K., Lange, G.M., Martin, R., Davies, R. and Barnes, J. 2004. Strengthening Namibia’s system of protected areas: an economic analysis and feasibility study for financing. Report to UNDP and GEF on behalf of Government of Namibia. 76
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BOAT-BASED WHALE WATCHING IN SOUTH
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owners, who felt that a smaller, fa
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION..
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1. INTRODUCTION The whale watching
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the main whale watching season. All
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3. WHALE WATCHING: AN INTERNATIONAL
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location. Most cetaceans spend the
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3.2 South Africa in perspective Boa
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Table 3.3 excludes countries where
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west coast up to February or March
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The designated areas also include a
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5. PERMIT-HOLDER CHARACTERISTICS, S
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The majority of permitted operators
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Two very large boats excluded, a ty
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November. This is probably due to a
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