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8.3 The permit system, conditions and incentives......................................................................71
8.4 Compliance, awareness and monitoring ..............................................................................72
8.5 Co-management .................................................................................................................73
8.6 Distributional issues ............................................................................................................73
8.7 Specific recommendations...................................................................................................74
9. REFERENCES....................................................................................................................76
10. APPENDIX 1. TOURISM INFORMATION OFFICES CONTACTED....................................78
11. APPENDIX 2. SUMMARY OF COMMERCIAL WHALE WATCHING AROUND THE WORLD
...........................................................................................................................................79
11.1 North America.................................................................................................................79
11.1.1 United States of America.............................................................................................79
11.1.2 Canada.......................................................................................................................79
11.1.3 Mexico........................................................................................................................80
11.2 Africa (other than South Africa) .......................................................................................81
11.2.1 Canary Islands (Spain)................................................................................................81
11.2.2 Namibia ......................................................................................................................81
11.2.3 Mozambique ...............................................................................................................82
11.2.4 Madagascar................................................................................................................82
11.3 Australasia......................................................................................................................82
11.3.1 Australia .....................................................................................................................82
11.3.2 New Zealand...............................................................................................................84
11.3.3 Tonga .........................................................................................................................85
11.3.4 Antarctica....................................................................................................................86
11.4 Europe............................................................................................................................86
11.4.1 Norway .......................................................................................................................86
11.4.2 Iceland........................................................................................................................86
11.4.3 Greenland (self-governing territory of Denmark)..........................................................87
11.4.4 United Kingdom ..........................................................................................................87
11.4.5 Ireland ........................................................................................................................88
11.4.6 Spain (not including Canary Islands) ...........................................................................88
11.4.7 Azores Islands (Portugal)............................................................................................88
11.5 South America ................................................................................................................89
11.5.1 Ecuador ......................................................................................................................89
11.5.2 Brazil ..........................................................................................................................89
11.5.3 Argentina ....................................................................................................................89
11.6 Central America and West Indies ....................................................................................90
11.6.1 Bahamas ....................................................................................................................90
11.6.2 Turks & Caicos Islands ...............................................................................................90
11.6.3 Dominican Republic ....................................................................................................90
11.6.4 St Lucia ......................................................................................................................91
11.7 Asia ................................................................................................................................91
11.7.1 Oman..........................................................................................................................91
11.7.2 Japan .........................................................................................................................91
11.7.3 Taiwan........................................................................................................................92
12. APPENDIX 3: NOTIFICATION OF PERMTS (1998)............................................................93
13. APPENDIX 4: NOTIFICATION OF PERMITS (2002)...........................................................96
14. APPENDIX 5: ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF THE WHALE RESOURCE............. 102
15. APPENDIX 6. STATUS OF BOAT-BASED WHALE WATCHING IN SOUTH AFRICA –
STATEMENT BY SABBWWA, JANUARY 2005............................................................................ 104