MCDA Final Report Malawi - Standards and Trade Development ...

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Table A3.2. Aflatoxin controls for groundnuts Decision Criterion Value Details Confidence Cost Up-front investment US$600,000 Estimated cost of scoping study for 4 mycotoxins in diet, land race typing of Aspergillus flavus to geographical indicators, and three year field trial Medium with multiple strain atoxigenic strain Aspergillus flavus. On-going cost 0.1% Limited additional production costs estimated conservatively at 0.1 per cent of the value of exports. Medium Ease of implementation +4 Somewhat difficult. Larger smallholder farmers involved and fragmented value chain. Difficult to get smallholders to implement GAPs given that they mostly decide the crops they grow in any season on the High basis of price. Trade impacts Change in absolute value of exports US$10.8 million Exports in 2011 were 21,000 tonnes. Limited additional exports could be achieved as a result of the implementation of aflatoxin controls that are over and above growth in exports that would be achieved anyway. These are estimated conservatively at 40,000 tonnes per annum. Assuming no appreciable changes in prices over time these exports are valued at the unit price in 2011 (US$0.27 per kilogram). Medium Trade diversification +1 Enhanced exports to the EU will be facilitated. High Agricultural/fisheries productivity +1 Domestic public health 0 Domestic agri-food impacts The implementation of GAP and enhanced returns will stimulate more commercial production. No impact. Groundnuts are heavily consumed in Malawi especially by poor households. Smallholders are likely to sell aflatoxin-free nuts to exporters and to consume the infected ones themselves and/or sell them on local markets. At the same time, a more effective aflatoxin control and management system could reduce overall levels of aflatoxins in the crop. High Medium Environmental protection -1 Expansion in production could cause reduction in biodiversity High Page | 57
Poverty impact +2 Impact on vulnerable groups +2 Social impacts Groundnut production is dominated by smallholder farmers. Significant employment in grading and packing. Increased production will have positive impacts on their income. Most production by smallholders, including women. Significant numbers of women employed in grading and packing. High High Page | 58
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MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND TRADE Usin
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4.11. Compliance with hygiene requi
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RASFF SADC SME SPS STDF TAML TBT UP
Page 7 and 8: Using Multi Criteria Decision Analy
Page 9 and 10: Table 1. Existing reviews of SPS co
Page 11 and 12: Table 3. Malawian agri-food exports
Page 13 and 14: were presented with a series of car
Page 15 and 16: Genetically-modified organism (GMO)
Page 17 and 18: Option Number Name Details 4 Mycoto
Page 19 and 20: Option Number Name Details 15 Seed
Page 21 and 22: Table 6. Decision criteria measurem
Page 23 and 24: 4. Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS)
Page 25 and 26: participation/oversight of the Comp
Page 27 and 28: 4.9. Pesticide residue testing capa
Page 29 and 30: Development (OECD) 51 ; and 3) Inte
Page 31 and 32: Figure 4. Decision criteria measure
Page 33 and 34: Figure 7. Decision criteria measure
Page 35 and 36: Finally, Figures 11 and 12 report t
Page 37 and 38: Figure 12. Decision criteria measur
Page 39 and 40: Figure 14. Decision criteria scores
Page 47 and 48: To explore the impact of changing t
Page 49 and 50: Figure 32. Net flows for baseline m
Page 51 and 52: Given the robustness of the results
Page 53 and 54: Faulkner, L., Harrington, J., Levy,
Page 55 and 56: Appendix 2. Participants at Stakeho
Page 57: Appendix 4. Capacity-Building Optio
Page 61 and 62: Table A3.4. Mycotoxin testing capac
Page 63 and 64: Poverty impact +1 Impact on vulnera
Page 65 and 66: Table A3.7.Pesticide controls for p
Page 67 and 68: Table A3.9.Pesticide controls for t
Page 69 and 70: Table A3.11. Animal health controls
Page 71 and 72: Social impacts Poverty impact +1 Sm
Page 73 and 74: Social impacts Poverty impact +2 Li
Page 75 and 76: Table A3.15. Seed inspection and ce
Page 77 and 78: Table A3.16. Animal health controls
Page 79 and 80: 21 Anonymous (2002). Volume 2, Chap
Page 81: The eggs from which the day old chi
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