MCDA Final Report Malawi - Standards and Trade Development ...

21 Anonymous (2002). Volume 2, Chapter 1, Regional Trade, MALAWI, Diagnostic Trade Integration Study. DTIS.
22 Anonymous (2007). Malawi, African Economic Outlook, AfDB/OECD 2007
23 Griffith, M., (2007). Much to lose, little to gain: Assessing EPAs from the perspective of Malawi. © Tearfund
2007
24 The Convention on Biological Diversity was finalized in Nairobi in May 1992 and the Cartagena Protocol was
finalized and adopted in January 2000.
25 http://spsims.wto.org/ Website accessed July 28 th 2010.
26 Data on the WTO SPS Agreement notification, focal and contact points for SADC member countries as held in the
WTO Database in August 2010 are reproduced in Appendix 3.
27 National Plant Protection Organization.
28 Theyse (2009) op cit.
29 WTO (2010) op cit.
30 Captured or referred to in several documents as for example FEWSNET,
http://www.fews.net/docs/Publications/Malawi_OL_2011_10.pdf, Website accessed 18 November 2011.
31 For example the proposed EAC commodity standards for mycotoxins are, in some instances, five times greater
than equivalent EU standards.
32 Key of level of difficulty of SPS compliance;
X = relatively easy.
XX = somewhat difficult.
XXX = very difficult requiring significant resources and interactions between several actors.
Box not filled = not relevant/required.
33 Henson and Masakure (2011).
34 International Standards Organization/International Electrotechnical Commission.
35 SADC, COMESA and the EAC have developed a close working relationship which has taken the form of a
Tripartite Agreement. The agreement has a specific SPS Annex which commits the three trade bodies to develop
common trading standards and both COMESA and SADC are involved in the EAC commodity standards.
36 The testing capacity exists at the MBS but it is not yet accredited
37
Henson and Masakure (2011).
38 De Meyer, M., (2012). Invasive Fruit Fly Pests in Africa http://www.africamuseum.be/fruitfly/AfroAsia.htm.
website accessed 01 April, 2012.
39 Sharp J., L., Ouye M., T., Ingle S., J., and Hart W., (1989). Hot Water Quarantine Treatment for Mangoes from
Mexico Infested with Mexican Fruit Fly and West Indian Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic
Entomology, 82, 1657–1662.
Sharp J., L., Ouye M., T., Ingle S. J., Hart W. G., Enkerlin W. R., Celedonio H., Toledo J., Stevens L., Quintero E.,
Reyes J., and Schwarz A., (1989). Hot-Water Quarantine Treatment for Mangoes from the State of Chiapas,
Mexico, Infested with Mediterranean Fruit Fly and Anastrepha serpentine (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae).
Journal of Economic Entomology, 82, 1663–1666.
Armstrong J., W., Silva S., T. and Shishido V. M., (1995). Quarantine Cold Treatment for Hawaiian Carambola Fruit
Infested with Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Melon Fly or Oriental Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Eggs and Larvae.
Journal of Economic Entomology, 88, 683–687.
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