Amateur-built and experimental aircraft - Australian Transport Safety ...

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18 per cent of aircraft did not fly during the 2007 calendar year. Based on responses to the General Aviation Activity Survey (BITRE, 2007) a higher proportion of ABE aircraft on the VH- register are not active compared with other aircraft on the register. It is likely that there were about 707 operational VH- registered ABE aircraft in 2007 when the survey was completed. This represents a 50 per cent (353 of 707) of the survey response rate. 2.2 Survey design 2.2.1 Structure 2.2.2 Questions The survey instrument used was a self-administered questionnaire, consisting of 49 questions, divided into areas covering key aspects of ABE aircraft ownership: • type and choice of aircraft • construction issues • design modifications made • flight test regimes • transition training arrangements • aircraft maintenance. Where the respondent had completed more than one aircraft, the survey requested they provide details of other aircraft they had built. Most questions required closed-type responses, but some were partially closed, meaning a standard set of options was provided but an opportunity to record a different response was given. Such questions included aircraft model, reason for purchase, purchase documents and assistance, system challenges, and usefulness of build and test resources. Two questions in the survey were open-ended; these related to test flight and a general comments section. Where respondents were asked to rate items, five point Likert scales were used with a neutral mid-point and/or a not applicable (NA) option. A not applicable (NA) option was provided for questions with multiple parts, with the aim of eliminating non-response bias. Potentially sensitive questions about costs, money, and maintenance were positioned at the end of the survey in order to maximise responses to core survey questions. The basic conceptual model demonstrating some of the links between different facets of ABE aircraft selection, construction, and ownership/operation is shown in Figure 13 (on page 19). These facets are explored in the following sections. A full copy of the survey is also provided at Appendix B. Aircraft questions Questions 1 to 8 centred on the type of aircraft and engine selected, aircraft complexity, type of instrumentation, and number of hours logged, while questions 9 to 11 asked about any documents and resources used when purchasing a second- - 22 -
hand aircraft. Questions relating to aircraft features (Q4), purchase documents (Q10), and help or assistance (Q11), were designed as multiple-response questions. Build and construction questions Questions 12 to 21 covered the build process. This section included the number of amateur-built or experimental aircraft the respondent had built (Q13), build method (Q14), whether the aircraft purchased was partially built (Q15), build time (Q16), how challenging different aircraft systems were to build or install (Q17), modifications (Q18), and access to information needed to construct the aircraft and its usefulness (Q20 and Q21). Test flight questions Six questions addressed different aspects of test flight. These included access to test flight information (Q22), available resources (Q23), who made the maiden test flight (Q24) and subsequent test flights (Q25), personal preparedness for the test flight (Q27), and an open-ended question asking if the respondent would do anything differently in preparing for test flight if they built another ABE aircraft in the future (Q27). Aircraft and pilot characteristics Four questions addressed aircraft performance and other details, such as expected performance (Q28), time owned (Q30), type of aircraft certificate in the categories of Amateur Built Aircraft Approval (ABAA) or Experimental (Q31 and Q32). As part of Questions 31 and 32, the respondent was also asked whether a type certificate was issued prior to 1998 and when the Experimental category used in the US was introduced into Australia (if applicable). The purpose of this last question was to distinguish between ABAA aircraft built after the introduction of the Experimental system. Ten questions covered pilot-related characteristics, including the amount of flying performed while building (Q29) and in the 3 months leading up to test flight (Q41), the type of licence held (Q34 and Q35), and the number of hours logged both in the last 12 months and in total (Q36 and Q37). An additional question asked where the pilot had accrued the majority of their flying hours (Q38), and another asked what type of flying the person performed or intended to perform in their ABE aircraft (Q40). Finally, Question 39 was used to identify the reasons why the respondent had purchased an ABE aircraft. This was a partially-closed question to allow respondents a selection of choices or the option to provide their own reasons via an ‘other’ response. Transition training Transition training was examined in four questions. Question 43 asked about the type of aircraft used for transition training, while Question 44 enquired into any difficulties that respondents faced in organising transition training. Finally, the usefulness of transition training was rated in Question 45. - 23 -
Page 1: ATSB TRANSPORT SAFETY REPORT Aviati
Page 4 and 5: Published by: Australian Transport
Page 6 and 7: 3.2.6 Type of flying performed in A
Page 8 and 9: THE AUSTRALIAN TRANSPORT SAFETY BUR
Page 10 and 11: - viii -
Page 12 and 13: GAS General Aviation Survey GAAS Ge
Page 14 and 15: Collectively, these aircraft are ca
Page 16 and 17: Figure 4: A SeaRey amphibious aircr
Page 18 and 19: comparison to ABE aircraft. 4 For e
Page 20 and 21: picture of why people built aircraf
Page 22 and 23: the Australian civil aircraft regis
Page 24 and 25: Figure 11: Amateur Built Aircraft A
Page 26 and 27: One of the great sticking points fo
Page 28 and 29: Committee (the Committee); committe
Page 30 and 31: The variety of aircraft administere
Page 32 and 33: 1.6 Aims 1.7 Scope The aims of this
Page 36 and 37: Maintenance, cost, age and comments
Page 38 and 39: It is not always clear if stall spe
Page 40 and 41: phenomenon, means are reported alon
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Page 44 and 45: 3.2 Respondents 3.2.1 Age The ABE a
Page 46 and 47: Figure 18: Type of flying performed
Page 48 and 49: Three survey respondents reported f
Page 50 and 51: 3.2.6 Type of flying performed in A
Page 52 and 53: there are sufficient numbers on the
Page 54 and 55: Year of design The year of design,
Page 56 and 57: Source: Falco Builders Newsletter D
Page 58 and 59: Figure 34: Aircraft flight rules Ci
Page 60 and 61: the wing loading. In this instance,
Page 62 and 63: Figure 38: Aircraft airframe hours
Page 64 and 65: Figure 39: Build and operating cert
Page 66 and 67: Figure 41: Rating of personal satis
Page 68 and 69: In relation to ability to customise
Page 70 and 71: Figure 46: Rating of the ability to
Page 72 and 73: Figure 48: Number of aircraft built
Page 74 and 75: According to build hours data for a
Page 76 and 77: Table 6: Aircraft modifications wit
Page 78 and 79: engine, fuel system, avionics, hydr
Page 80 and 81: challenging (χ 2 = 2.89, p = 0.09,
Page 82 and 83: associated with building an aircraf
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people built aircraft by 41 differe
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Figure 68: Rating of other aircraft
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Figure 71: Rating of regulator as a
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flew more or much more than usual.
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Figure 75: Mean rating of test flig
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LAMEs as a test flight resource Fig
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another pilot, 46 of 268 used a qua
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Emergency procedures. Two people ma
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3.7 Aircraft building cost Total ai
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Figure 87: Nice-to-have documents o
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Where people undertook transition t
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Table 8: Private versus all other s
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Table 13: Transition training by se
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must be endorsed under CAO 40.1.0 t
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3.9.5 When transition training was
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As pointed out in An Overview of Hu
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Amateur-built and experimental airc
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Figure 98: Engine maintenance multi
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About half the respondents spent be
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Cessna Aircraft Company. (2009). Sk
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National Transport Safety Bureau. (
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APPENDIX B: SURVEY - 118 -
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APPENDIX C: TABLES OF RESPONSES Bui
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Table 27: Maiden flight by transiti
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Amateur-built and experimental airc
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