SOCIOLOLINGUISTIC SURVEYS - Centre for Language Studies

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TABLE 9: LANGUAGE TO BE USED BY HEALTH WORKERS LANGUAGE % OF RSPONDENTS Chiyao Chichewa Chitumbuka English Chilomwe Chisena Chinkhonde Chitonga According to area 51.9 45.1 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.9 Again here the dominant languages are Chichewa (45.1%) and Chiyao (51.9%). The rest of the languages are not preferred. It is clear from the survey results that the most used languages in the areas under the survey were Chichewa and Chiyao. The other languages were very little known. The survey also wanted to test the respondents’ competence in Chiyao. The aim was to find out whether one was really a Chiyao speaker or just an impositor. This is a commonly used test in language studies. Respondents listened to a recorded Chiyao passage. Thereafter, the respondents were requested to briefly explain in Chichewa or Chiyao what the passage was about. 78.1% understood the passage very well, 5.7% understood the passage fairly well, and 6.3% did not understand anything. When competence was correlated with sex, all males (57.7%) understood the passage well, 48% females understood the passage fairly well and 14.7% of the female respondents did not understand the passage at all. This can be explained by the fact that female respondents were rather shy in answering questions and often sought the approval of their spouses. In addition women were easily disrupted by holdes of children who thought the whole exercise was a lot of fun. A related question tested the respondents vocabulary. Respondents were asked to listen to recorded words and requested to provide its meaning.73.9% of the respondents scored between 90 – 100, 8.8% scored between 80 – 89, 2.6% scored 50 59, 10% scored below 24
50. It has been observed that those who scored below 50 were nonnative speakers of Chiyao. 3.8 SOME GENERAL OBSERVATION AND CONCLUSIONS Historically education in Malawi was the province of the missionaries. Its primary objective was to convert the heathens to Christianity. The Yao were essentially Muslims. Statistics collected in 1928 show that there were 105,000 Muslims in the country, 95% of whom were Yao. The main centers of concentration then as now were Zomba, Machinga, Mangochi, Dedza, Dowa and Salima, while most of the nonYao Muslims – about 4,000 in number were in Nkhotakota. It is significant to observe in the current survey that there is a correlation between being Yao and Muslim. The correlation is shown in Table 10 below. TABLE 10: RELIGION VS SPEAKING CHIYAO AS MOTHER TONGUE DENOMINATION YES NO % Catholic 55 6.4 CCAP 56 6.5 Seventh Day 27 3.1 Islam 618 71.7 Assemblies of God 9 1.0 Church of Christ 3 3.8 Jehovas Witness 2 0.2 Anglican 5 12 2.0 New Apostolic Church 5 0.6 African 5 0.6 Baptist 2 0.2 Utopia 3 0.3 Church of God 1 0.1 Missing 30 3.5 71.7% of the respondents claimed to be both Yao and Muslim. What is interesting here is 25
Page 1 and 2: SOCIOLOLINGUISTIC SURVEYS OF FOUR M
Page 3 and 4: 4.5.1 TEACHER’S RESPONSES 23 4.5.
Page 5 and 6: A Note from the Director on Socioli
Page 7 and 8: 1 INTRODUCTION The availability of
Page 9 and 10: instance, a mother tongue literacy
Page 11 and 12: level of understanding, whether the
Page 13 and 14: In relation to religions affiliatio
Page 15 and 16: there is l and w are repalced by d
Page 17 and 18: the survey that people from outside
Page 19 and 20: Above form 4 1 3 0.5 Other 3 0.3 Th
Page 21 and 22: REASONS GIVEN Easy communication Mo
Page 23: Chilomwe Chisena Chinkhonde English
Page 27 and 28: Chichewa. This has arisen from the
Page 29 and 30: the most crucial informants because
Page 31 and 32: and pressing issues to handle e.g.
Page 33 and 34: Table 13: District Acceptance Of Ch
Page 35 and 36: The figures above clearly indicate
Page 37 and 38: Teachers were also requested to ind
Page 39 and 40: Rumphi 75.0 25.0 Mzimba 84.7 11.1 N
Page 41 and 42: Bay Table 24 shows that English is
Page 43 and 44: preferred language is Chilambia (17
Page 45 and 46: Rumphi 17.3 Pure Tumbuka 6.7 Henga
Page 47 and 48: Pure 1.5 Mmbelwa 1.5 Euthini 1.5 Ka
Page 49 and 50: Chichewa is the most favoured langu
Page 51 and 52: Respondents were also requested to
Page 53 and 54: Table 43: Whether To Be Taught In C
Page 55 and 56: % Resdpondentys District Chichewa C
Page 57 and 58: N/A 19.5 On the corollary question
Page 59 and 60: Table 53 shows that most pupils pre
Page 61 and 62: TRA = Translation NMT = Not mother
Page 63 and 64: Table 60: Language To Be Used In Ne
Page 65 and 66: Rumphi 41. 4 Mzimba 23. 9 Nkhata Ba
Page 67 and 68: case for Nkhata Bay is that Chitong
Page 69 and 70: Table 68 reveals that there is an i
Page 71 and 72: Chitumbuka, the same cannot be said
Page 73 and 74: (vii) (viii) To establish whether t
Page 75 and 76:
the villagers would also ask the re
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Chiradzulu 1 0.3 Mozambique 22 6.2
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Undecided 1 0.3 The results present
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There were 19 cases of respondents
Page 83 and 84:
On the question of whether the resp
Page 85 and 86:
Chitakhwani 2 6.9 Chikokhola 2 6.9
Page 87 and 88:
5.5.4.1 SUMMARY Although this categ
Page 89 and 90:
6 CHISENA SURVEY 6.1 BACKGROUND TO
Page 91 and 92:
ii) proficiency in Chisena and othe
Page 93 and 94:
Table 80: Age Groups Age Group Freq
Page 95 and 96:
Age Group Frequency % 09 20 4.9 1
Page 97 and 98:
Tengani 11 2.7 Nsanje 35 8.6 Phodzo
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The majority of the pupils have cle
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6.5.2.3 VARIETIES Asked bout where
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mentioned the Nsanje variety, anoth
Page 105 and 106:
6.5.4 “OTHER” RESPONDENTS’ RE
Page 107 and 108:
grammars and dictionaries. (iv) The
Page 109:
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