DARPA ULTRALOG Final Report - Industrial and Manufacturing ...

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within the monitored enclave. With such a model present, it becomes possible to identify the processing requirements of tasks as they flow through the agent society and hence allocate resources accordingly as planning/execution progresses. 5. Conclusions Tools for monitoring agent systems have been noticeably missing from many agent infrastructures. As Cougaar has evolved and been applied to increasingly large societies and complex applications, the need for systems such as Castellan that provide detailed run-time event information will increase for both analysis of static event traces for and on-line monitoring applications. It also provides a general purpose graph reduction algorithm than enables a wide variety of approaches to analyzing and understanding large distributed plan graphs. 6. Acknowledgements This research was performed under the DARPA Ultralog effort and was supported by DARPA grant MDA972-1-1- 0038 and Contract 2087-IAI-ARPA-0038. We would like to thank Dr. Mark Greaves, Marshall Brinn and Beth DePass for their support, comments and insightful discussions. 7. References [1] Emden R. Gansner and Stephen C. North. “An open graph visualization system and its applications to software engineering”, Software Practice and Experience, pp. 1–5, 1999. [2] Jonyer, L. B. Holder, and D. J. Cook. ``Graph-Based Hierarchical Conceptual Clustering in Structural Databases'', In the Proceedings of the Seventeenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2000 [3] Cougaar Developers Guide, Version 11.0 http://www.cougaar.org.
Reliable MAS Performance Prediction Using Queueing Models Nathan Gnanasambandam, Seokcheon Lee, Natarajan Gautam, Soundar R.T. Kumara Pennsylvania State University State College, PA 16801 {gsnathan, stonesky, ngautam, skumara}@psu.edu Wilbur Peng, Vikram Manikonda Intelligent Automation Inc. Rockville, MD, 20855 {wpeng, vikram}@i-a-i.com Marshall Brinn BBN Technologies 10 Moulton Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 mbrinn@bbn.com Mark Greaves DARPA IXO 3701 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203-1714 mgreaves@darpa.mil Abstract In this paper, we model a multi-agent system (MAS) in military logistics based on the systemic specifications of the capabilities and attributes of individual agents (TechSpecs). Assuring the survivability of the MAS that implements distributed planning and execution is a significant design-time and run-time challenge. Dynamic battlefield stresses in military logistics range from heavy computational loads (information warfare) to being destructive to infrastructure. In order to sustain and recover from damages to continuously deliver performance, a mechanism that distributes knowledge about the capabilities and strategies of the system is crucial. Using a queueing model to represent the network of distributed agents, strategies are developed for a prototype military logistics system. The TechSpecs contain the capabilities of the agents, playbooks or rules, quantities to monitor, types of information flow (input/output), measures of performance (Quality of Service) and their computation methods, measurement points, defenses against stresses and configuration details (to reflect command and control structure as well as task flow). With these details, models could be dynamically developed and analyzed in real-time for fine-tuning the system. Using a Cougaar (DARPA Agent Framework) based model for initial parameter estimation and analysis, we obtain an analytical and a simulation model and extract generic results. Results indicate strong correlation between experimental and actual events in the agent society. 0-7803-8799-6/04/$20.00 ©2004 IEEE. Keywords: Multi-agent systems, Survivability, Queueing network models, Technical specifications 1. Introduction Multi-agent systems that implement distributed planning and execution are highly complex systems to design and model. In this research, we model a survivable multiagent system (MAS) based on the systemic specifications (TechSpecs) of the capabilities and attributes of individual agents. The MAS under consideration is exposed to significant stresses because it operates in highly unpredictable battlefield-like environments. Even under such hostile conditions, the stated goal of this survivable MAS based logistics system is to deliver robustness, security and performance. Hence, performance prediction using suitable models is vital to being able to tune the actual performance delivered by the MAS. Within the research domain of military logistics, we are conducting our studies using a continuous planning and execution (CPE) agent society. The CPE society is constructed using the Cougaar MAS development platform developed under DARPA’s leadership [2]. From the modeling perspective, the CPE society (or otherwise) is nothing but a collection of distributed agents that lend themselves to be represented by a network of queues. With this motivation, we analytically modeled the CPE society using queueing theory. In doing so, we realized that if the TechSpecs were suitably specified, the generation of the queueing model could be 55
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Ultra*Log PSU/IAI Final Report for
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Contents Contents .................
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Executive Summary Ultra*Log is a De
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2.3 Gnanasambandam, N., Lee, S., Ku
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6 Characterization and analysis of
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timizing simultaneously the link de
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where ∆ 1 (j) ≥ 0 and ∆ 2 (i,
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Table 2. GA Results Agent N A D max
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connected component, in which a pat
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Random Small-world Scale-free with
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Growth mechanisms Start with a smal
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Table 2. The proposed network’s c
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tems. Proceedings of the Second Joi
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Proceedings of the 1st Open Cougaar
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1 SITUATION IDENTIFICATION USING DY
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Estimating Global Stress Environmen
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chaotic deterministic time series.
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100% 1 95% 2 14 15 64% TAO 4 64% 62
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interactions as a dynamical system
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ehavior states under varying system
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Extensive testing and validation of
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5 Conclusions and Future Research T
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Table 1: Notation Symbol Descriptio
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architecture based on both the Grid
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