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NAME CLASS DATE Section 3: Guided Reading and Review Basic Concepts of Democracy CHAPTER 1 A. As You Read On the chart below, write the five basic concepts of democracy and write a sentence describing each. 1. 2. fundamental worth of the individual: Each individual is a distinct, important being. equality of all persons: Everyone is entitled to equal opportunity and equality under the law. The Basic Concepts of Democracy 3. majority rule and minority rights: Democracy expects that the majority will be right more often than it will be wrong, but its rule is still restrained by minority rights. 4. necessity of compromise: Compromise is the process needed to achieve majority agreement. 5. © Pearson Education, Inc. B. Reviewing Key Terms individual freedom: Individuals are as free as the welfare of all individuals can allow. Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. Possible answers below 6. Explain the significance of the term compromise as it relates to problem-solving in a democratic society. In a democratic society, people must blend, adjust, and reconcile competing views to find the solution most acceptable to the largest number. 7. What are the four factors underlying the free enterprise system? private ownership, individual initiative, profit, and competition 8. How does the law of supply and demand operate? When supplies become plentiful, demand and prices tend to drop; when supplies become scarce, demand and prices tend to rise. 9. What is a mixed economy? A mixed economy combines private enterprise with government regulation and participation. Guided Reading and Review Chapter 1 19
NAME CLASS DATE CHAPTER 2 Section 1: Guided Reading and Review Our Political Beginnings A. As You Read As you read the section, answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. See answers below Basic Concepts of Government 1. What is ordered government? 2. What is limited government? 3. What is representative government? Landmark English Documents 4. How did the Magna Carta affect English government? 5. How did the Petition of Right affect English government? 6. How did the English Bill of Rights affect English government? Government in the Colonies 7. How were royal colonies governed? 8. How were proprietary colonies governed? 9. How were charter colonies governed? B. Reviewing Key Terms Match the descriptions in Column I with the terms in Column II. Write the correct letter in each blank. Column I _____ d 10. written grant of authority from the king to establish a colony _____ a 11. government that is not all-powerful _____ e 12. consisting of two houses, as in a legislature _____ b 13. government that serves the will of the people _____ c 14. document written in 1215 limiting the power of the English monarchy Column II a. limited government b. representative government c. Magna Carta d. charter e. bicameral f. unicameral Possible answers to questions 1–9 1. Ordered government is the orderly regulation of people’s relationships with one another. 2. Limited government is the idea that government is not all-powerful. 3. Representative government is the idea that government serves the will of the people. 4. The Magna Carta introduced trial by jury and due process of law, and limited the king’s power. 5. The Petition of Right stipulated that political critics could not be imprisoned or punished without a jury trial, martial law could not be imposed during peacetime, troops could not be quartered without homeowners’ consent, and taxes could not be levied without the consent of Parliament. 6. The English Bill of Rights elevated the Parliament in English government by requiring its permission to maintain a standing army in peacetime, to suspend or execute laws, and to levy money for the use of the Crown. The bill also guaranteed fair trials, freedom from excessive bail, and freedom from cruel and unusual punishment. 7. Royal colonies were subject to the direct control of the crown through a governor and a bicameral legislature. 8. Proprietary colonies were owned by private citizens who appointed governors aided by legislatures; these colonies were still subject to English law. 9. Charter colonies were self-governing under the terms of original charters granted by the monarch; these colonies elected their own bicameral legislatures and governors, who served with approval of the king. © Pearson Education, Inc. 20 Chapter 2 Guided Reading and Review
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