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NAME CLASS DATE Section 1: Guided Reading and Review The National Judiciary CHAPTER 18 A. As You Read As you read Section 1, answer the questions below. 1. What did Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution create? Article __________________________ III, Section 1 of the Constitution ______________________________________________________________________________ created the national judiciary. 2. What are constitutional courts? Constitutional __________________________________________________ courts, sometimes called regular courts, are federal ______________________________________________________________________________ courts that Congress formed under Article III. They exercise broad judicial powers. 3. What are special courts? Special ________________________________________________________ courts, sometimes called legislative courts, were created to hear cases arising under the expressed powers given to Congress in Article I. They hear a much narrower range of cases than ______________________________________________________________________________ the constitutional courts. 4. Under what circumstances may federal courts hear a case? Federal __________________________ courts may hear a case if it deals with constitutional issues or matters on U.S. waters or the high seas or if the parties in the case are U.S. ______________________________________________________________________________ officers, one of the 50 States, a foreign government, or a citizen of another State. 5. What is the procedure for the selection of federal judges? The ____________________________ President appoints federal judges ______________________________________________________________________________ and the Senate confirms them. 6. What is the primary function of federal judges? to ____________________________________ hear and decide cases ______________________________________________________________________________ 7. How long are the terms of judges of constitutional courts? life __________________________ 8. How long are the terms of judges in special courts? 8–15 ________________________________ years, depending on the specific court B. Reviewing Key Terms Write the definition of each term in the left column in the box in the right column. © Pearson Education, Inc. Term exclusive jurisdiction 9. concurrent jurisdiction 10. Definition cases that can be heard only in federal courts cases that can be heard either in federal or in State courts plaintiff 11. the party that files a lawsuit defendant 12. the party that must defend against a complaint in a lawsuit original jurisdiction 13. the court in which a case is first heard appellate jurisdiction 14. a court that hears a case on appeal from a lower court Guided Reading and Review Chapter 18 83
NAME CLASS DATE CHAPTER 18 Section 2: Guided Reading and Review The Inferior Courts A. As You Read As you read Section 2, fill in the chart below to help you organize information about each type of federal court shown. Court Number of Number of Types of Cases Courts Judges 1. District Court a. 94 b. 632 c. civil and criminal cases involving federal law 2. Courts of Appeals a. 12 b. 179 c. appeals only from federal courts and regulatory agencies 3. Supreme Court a. 1 b. 9 c. appeals from State and federal courts and a few types of cases with original jurisdiction 4. Court of International a. 1 b. 9 c. civil cases relating to Trade trade and tariffs 5. Court of Appeals a. 1 b. 12 c. appeals in federal cases for the Federal from across the country Circuit Answer the following questions. 6. On what basis is the United States divided into judicial districts? Each ________________________ State forms at least one federal __________________________________________________________________________________ judicial district, no matter what its size or population. States with larger populations are further divided. There __________________________________________________________________________________ are also district courts in the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. 7. When and why were the courts of appeals created? They ____________________________________ were created in 1891 in order to relieve the Supreme __________________________________________________________________________________ Court of much of the burden of hearing appeals because the High Court’s docket had become overwhelming. __________________________________________________________________________________ B. Reviewing Key Terms Define the following terms. Possible answers below 8. criminal case______________________________________________________________________ a in which a defendant is tried for committing some action that has been declared by law to be __________________________________________________________________________________ a crime 9. civil case a ________________________________________________________________________ case involving a noncriminal matter, such as a dispute over terms of a contract or claims of patent infringement __________________________________________________________________________________ 10. docket list __________________________________________________________________________ of cases to be heard __________________________________________________________________________________ © Pearson Education, Inc. 84 Chapter 18 Guided Reading and Review
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