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NAME CLASS DATE Section 5: Guided Reading and Review The Civil Service CHAPTER 15 A. As You Read As you read Section 5, answer the questions below about changes in the manner of choosing federal employees. 1. How did the first Presidents choose federal officials? __________________________________ The first Presidents chose federal officials on the basis of who was best qualified for the job, but favored those who shared their political views or belonged to the same ______________________________________________________________________ party. 2. How did Jackson choose federal officials? ____________________________________________ Jackson fired thousands of officeholders and handed out their jobs to his own friends and supporters. Jackson believed that any person of normal intelligence was qualified to hold ______________________________________________________________________ any government post, so he paid no attention to choosing the best person for a job. 3. What government action began civil service reform and how did it work? ________________ With the passage of the Pendleton Act, the civil service system of merit hiring began to replace the spoils system. Classified ______________________________________________________________________ employees were hired by the Civil Service Commission on the basis of competitive examinations. 4. What two agencies run and oversee the civil service system today? Describe the functions of each. ____________________________________________________________________________ The Office of Personnel Management recruits, hires, and trains federal employees. The Merit System Protection ______________________________________________________________________ Board polices the merit system and hears appeals from federal workers who have complaints about personnel ______________________________________________________________________ actions. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. How has the Federal Employees Political Activities Act of 1993 relaxed restrictions placed by the Hatch Act of 1939? ____________________________________________________________ In addition to allowing federal employees to vote, the 1993 act allows them to help register ______________________________________________________________________ new voters, contribute money to parties and candidates, participate in campaigns, and hold office in a political ______________________________________________________________________ party. ______________________________________________________________________ © Pearson Education, Inc. B. Reviewing Key Terms Use each key term below in a sentence that shows the meaning of the term. Possible answers below 6. spoils system ____________________________________________________________________ If I had known that this company used the spoils system and hired friends and supporters and not ________________________________________________________________________________ necessarily those most qualified for the position, I might never have applied. 7. patronage ______________________________________________________________________ Andrew Jackson’s patronage practices rewarded friends and supporters with government jobs rather ________________________________________________________________________________ than those most qualified. 8. register__________________________________________________________________________ After taking the civil service examination, I am hoping that I will be placed on the Office of Personnel Management’s ________________________________________________________________________________ register of people who have passed. 9. bipartisan ______________________________________________________________________ The bipartisan committee had an equal number of Democrats and Republicans. ________________________________________________________________________________ 10. civil service ______________________________________________________________________ I am trying to decide whether to take the civil service exam and apply for a job in the government. ________________________________________________________________________________ Guided Reading and Review Chapter 15 75
NAME CLASS DATE CHAPTER 16 Section 1: Guided Reading and Review Taxes A. As You Read Write the answers to the questions below in the blanks provided. The Power to Tax 1. What are the expressed constitutional limitations to the power to tax? a. ______________________________________________________________________________ Taxes may be levied only for public purposes. b. ______________________________________________________________________________ Export taxes are prohibited. c. ______________________________________________________________________________ Direct taxes must be equally apportioned among the States according to their populations. d. ______________________________________________________________________________ Indirect taxes, such as duties and imposts, must be levied at the same rate throughout the country. 2. What is the implied limitation on the power to tax State and local governments and how can the Federal Government tax them? a. ______________________________________________________________________________ The Federal Government may not tax State or local governments in the exercise of their governmental duties. b. ______________________________________________________________________________ The Federal Government may tax nongovernmental State and local activities, such as a tax on State-sold liquor. Current Federal Taxes 3. What are the six types of revenue-raising taxes imposed by the Federal Government? a. ______________________________________________________________________________ individual income tax b. ______________________________________________________________________________ corporation income tax c. ______________________________________________________________________________ social insurance taxes (includes OASDI, Medicare, and unemployment compensation) d. ______________________________________________________________________________ excise taxes e. ______________________________________________________________________________ estate and gift taxes f. ______________________________________________________________________________ customs duties Taxing for Nonrevenue Purposes 4. For what reason other than to raise revenue does Congress levy taxes and how is this power limited? a. ______________________________________________________________________________ Congress levies taxes to regulate activities deemed harmful to the public. b. ______________________________________________________________________________ This power is limited by the Constitution and by the Supreme Court. B. Reviewing Key Terms 5. What is the difference between a progressive tax and a regressive tax? ____________________ Progressive taxes are ________________________________________________________________________________ levied according to level of income while regressive taxes are levied at a flat rate. Place a check mark next to each phrase that correctly pairs a type of tax with an example of that tax. ❒ ❒ ❒ ❒ 6. payroll tax; Medicare 7. excise tax; federal tax on imported peanuts 8. progressive tax; income tax 9. custom duty; tax on tobacco products ❒ 10. regressive tax; Medicare ❒ 11. estate tax; tax on inheritance ❒ 12. tax return; income tax form ❒ 13. gift tax; tax on gifts worth more than $1,000 © Pearson Education, Inc. 76 Chapter 16 Guided Reading and Review
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