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PHANG et al (2007)<br />
of Phaeophyta and 16 species of Chlorophyta recorded by Ahmad Ismail (1995), Ajisaka<br />
(2002), Ajisaka et al. (1999) and Lim et al. (2001). In 2004, two new records of Gracilaria,<br />
Gracilaria articulata and G. manilaensis (Lim & Phang 2004) and 13 new records of Sargassum<br />
(Wong & Phang 2004), were published. Two expeditions to the northeast Langkawi resulted<br />
in a checklist for Langkawi Islands with 84 taxa identified (Phang et al. 2005). The seaweed<br />
flora of Langkawi is quite distinct from that of Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia. At the<br />
species level, the Sorenson’s Coefficient of Similarity (S) between flora of Langkawi and<br />
west coast Peninsula Malaysia is 35.21%, although at the genus level, the S= 66.22%. The<br />
tally of Malaysian marine algae now stands at 388 specific and infraspecific taxa (17 taxa of<br />
Cyanophyta, 102 Chlorophyta, 182 Rhodophyta and 87 Phaeophyta) (Phang 2006). Table 1<br />
gives the checklist of Malaysian marine algae. Most of the specimens are deposited at the<br />
Seaweeds and Seagrasses Herbarium established at the Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty<br />
of Science, University of Malaya, which presently houses more than 7000 numbers of herbarium<br />
specimens collected from Malaysia, and the Herbarium of the Graduate School of Science,<br />
Hokkaido University, Japan.<br />
Of the marine blue-green algae or Cyanophyta, species of Oscillatoria and Lyngbya dominate<br />
the mudflats while Brachytrichia grow abundantly over intertidal rocks and the sandy seabed.<br />
The Chlorophyta consists of the second highest number of taxa in Malaysian waters. Twelve<br />
species of Caulerpa have been recorded, mainly in coral reefs. Recent collections indicate<br />
that eight of these, namely C. lentillifera, C. peltata, C. racemosa, C. scalpelliformis, C.<br />
serrulata, C. sertulariodes, C. taxifolia and C. verticillata are still commonly found. The<br />
coral reefs are also dominated by species of Halimeda (H. discoidea, H. opuntia, H. tuna), the<br />
erect coralline algae which contribute towards reef building with the calcium carbonate retained<br />
in their cell walls. Several species of Enteromorpha and Ulva are found in the nutrient-rich<br />
shores and mudflats. Enteromorpha intestinalis, E. chlathrata, Ulva lactuca and U. fasciata<br />
are commonly seen covering small rocks, stones, driftwood and sandy patches along beaches.<br />
Many of these species are eaten by the coastal communities of the region.<br />
The red seaweeds or Rhodophyta comprise the highest number of taxa. Species of Halymenia<br />
dominate the subtidal bedrock areas, while Laurencia and Hypnea species inhabit the bedrocks<br />
at the intertidal regions. These grow mainly in the cleaner deep waters. Four species of<br />
Eucheuma and two species of Kappaphycus, sources of carrageenan, have been collected<br />
from lower intertidal to upper sub-tidal areas in Sabah and around islands in Peninsular<br />
Malaysia. Except for the cultivated Kappaphycus, many of the Eucheuma species seem to<br />
have disappeared from Peninsular Malaysia. Twenty-two species of the agarophytic genus<br />
Gracilaria have been reported, many of which inhabit mangroves, sandy-mudflats and rocky<br />
shores. Erect coralline (Amphiroa, Jania) as well as crustose coralline (Lithothamnion,<br />
Peyssonnelia) Rhodophytes are commonly found in the coral reefs especially in the cleaner<br />
deep waters around the islands. In the mangroves small tufted thalli of Bostrychia, Laurencia<br />
microcladia, Caloglossa adnata, Catenella grow commonly with the green filaments of<br />
Chaetomorpha linum and Cladophora. Common epiphytic taxa include Champia parvula,<br />
Centroceras, Ceramium, Spyridia, Polysiphonia, Heterosiphonia, Herposiphonia and<br />
Tolypiocladia glomerulata (Phang 1989). Thirty-eight new records including one new species,<br />
were reported from the Malaysian-Japanese collaboration from 1995.<br />
The brown seaweeds or Phaeophyta contribute high algal biomass (Phang & Maheswary 1989)<br />
on reefs. While Sargassum and Dictyota dominate in terms of species number, Padina are the<br />
most frequently found species. They inhabit a variety of substratum including mangroves,<br />
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