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INDRANEIL DAS & NORSHAM YAAKOB (2007) 40 Number of species 30 20 10 0 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Decade of description Fig. 1. Description of currently valid species of amphibians known from Malaysia, in 10 years interval. 50 40 Number of species 30 20 10 0 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Decade of description Fig. 2. Description of currently valid species of reptiles known from Malaysia, in 10 years interval. 43
STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE OF THE MALAYSIAN HERPETOFAUNA most recent compilation on the amphibian fauna of Peninsular Malaysia, that of Berry (1975), and of snakes by Tweedie (1983), are in need of revision, and carry no colour illustrations. There has been no modern synthesis of the rich lizard fauna, nor the crocodilians of Peninsular Malaysia. Lim & Das (1999) published a field guide to the turtles of Peninsular Malaysia (as well as Borneo). On the other hand, the herpetofauna of Borneo, is much better known, thanks to long-term researches conducted by Inger and his associates, resulting in field guides to anuran amphibians (Inger & Stuebing 1989; 1997 – reprinted 2005) and snakes (Stuebing & Inger 1999). A volume on lizards by the same publisher is available (Das 2004a), and most recently, a volume on the reptiles of the island (Das 2006). Given the relatively solid basis of systematics of the herpetofauna of Borneo (from where, nonetheless, new species continue to be described), an ecological and systematic comparison of the faunas of Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo is proposed. Because there have been little direct comparisons of the fauna of Peninsular Malaysia, with that of the much better known eastern part (Sarawak and Sabah in Borneo), several species at present thought to be conspecific are likely to be vicars or even possibly unrelated, as some research now underway with specific species complexes (e.g., Rana chalconota, Limnonectes macrodon, Fejervarya limnocharis, Cosymbotus platyurus and Ophiophagus hannah) suggest. Many of the new species discovered are cryptic species, which are very similar to known species, hence simply not recognised until a thorough revision of the entire group is undertaken, sometimes utilizing modern laboratory (including gene sequencing) and field (ecological and behavioural) methods. Hanken (1999) described the process of amphibian discovery in the recent past, attributing this to not only inventories of poorly known regions but also the use of genetic tools. Nonetheless, the new species discoveries for Malaysia are at present the result of relatively ‘coarse-screening’, suggesting that additional species that are taxonomically cryptic will be discovered in the future, with the use of DNA and other techniques. Cryptic species are frequently localized, some restricted to patches of forests a few dozen hectares in extent or to one or two adjacent hill streams, making their discovery difficult, unless a concerted effort is made to conduct an exhaustive inventory. Non-recognition of cryptic species is known to have lead to their extinction (Daugherty et al. 1990). Other species may show populations with disjunctions, and structured into well defined phylogenetic assemblages or metapopulations, some with significant genetic variants, all requiring careful consideration for identification and conservation (see Sites & Crandall 1997). Supplying names to these “hidden” species, thus, is the first step towards their universal recognition and protection (Longino 1993; Wheeler 1995). True, the recognition of cryptic species is increasing the conservation burden; it also emphasizes the importance of moving away from taxon-based conservation to that emphasizing protection of the environment at the level of landscapes and ecosystems (Lovich & Gibbons 1997; Das 2002). Despite this knowledge, systematic research in the country is rather limited, and systematic collection small and scattered. The most significant one in Sarawak, the Sarawak Museum, has a small type collection (Das & Leh 2005), and none of historical significance exists elsewhere. New collections have now started in the Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, by the second author, at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and Universiti Malaya, in Kuala Lumpur, and in Sabah, at the campus of Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu (the Borneensis collection), the Sabah State Museum, also at Kota Kinabalu, and at the Sabah Parks, Gunung Kinabalu National Park Headquarters. 44
Page 1: Status of Biological Diversity in M
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1. Cucurlionidae. Photo courtesy Sh
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MALAYSIAN FRESHWATER CRABS: CONSERV
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Species Status No. of Extent of Ran
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OVERVIEW OF INSECT BIODIVERSITY RES
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RESEARCH ON THE DIVERSITY OF MOTHS
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AN OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ON BEETLE D
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THE STATUS OF RESEARCH ON HYMENOPTE
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SEAWEED DIVERSITY IN MALAYSIA 1. Ha
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SEAWEED DIVERSITY IN MALAYSIA seawe
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Table 1. Checklist of Malaysian Mar
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Family Siphonocladaceae Boergesenia
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Caulerpa peltata Lamouroux [Syn: Ca
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Family Liagoraceae Liagora ceranoid
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Order Hildenbrandiales Family Hilde
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Family Lomentariaceae Lomentaria gr
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Laurencia caduciramulosa Masuda et
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Dictyota hauckiana Nizamuddin [Syn:
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Sargassum swartzii C. Agardh W C Sa
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SEAWEED DIVERSITY IN MALAYSIA can b
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SEAWEED DIVERSITY IN MALAYSIA RAMAC
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TOWARDS THE FLORA OF MALAYSIA On th
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TOWARDS THE FLORA OF MALAYSIA For t
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NAZIR KHAN NIZAM KHAN & MOHD YUNUS
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CONSERVATION STRATEGIES OF SHOREA L
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