o_19ko2dt161ng2j4e1tgnoqv1s45a.pdf

LEE et al (2007)
as the resources available for conservation programs are limited, it is unrealistic simply to
recommend in situ conservation area “as large as possible”. In practice, the size of a conservation
area, rather than the number of trees, is often dictated by the relative concentration of people
and the suitability of the land for human exploitation (agriculture, urbanization, logging, etc).
Therefore, for S. lumutensis, conserving an area no less than 100 ha with at least of 300
individuals >10 cm dbh (including 60 reproductive trees >30 cm dbh) in each population will
be sufficient to maintain maximum levels of genetic diversity to withstand loss of genetic
variability due to drift and should be enough to contain the minimum number of reproductive
individuals to prevent inbreeding.
The areas should be demarcated within the Compartments where S. lumutensis is found, such
as Compartment 5 of Sungai Pinang (N 04º14’32”; E 100º33’33”), Compartments 1 and 2 of
Pangkor Selatan (N 04º12’19”; E 100º34’23”), Compartment 5 of Teluk Muroh (N 04º11’13”;
E 100º37’47”), Compartment 3 of Lumut (N 04º13’38”; E 100º38’26”), and Compartments 41
and 42 of Segari Melintang (N 04º22’36”; E 100º37’13”) (Fig. 7). Extensive surveys should be
carried immediately to enumerate, measure and tag the individuals within these compartments.
The survey should be extended to other compartments if the criterion of conserving 300
individuals cannot be fulfilled. The criterion of at least 100 ha should always be satisfied even
when the number of individuals exceeds 300. There is a possibility that the number of individuals
is less than 300 in Pangkor Selatan; than the population might require re-introduction to increase
its size and gene pool.
For each population of S. lumutensis, the conservation area to be established should have a
central core area, surrounded by a buffer zone and perpheral to this, a transition zone (Fig. 7).
Laidlaw (1994) and Lee et al. (2002) have shown that there is a higher occurrence of deleterious
effects on reserves that are situated at the edge of a forest reserve. The presence of a buffer
zone will protect the core from edge effects and other factors that might threaten the population
viability of S. lumutensis present in the core. The transition zone, however, may be made available
for sustainable harvesting activities.
To ensure these conservation areas are fully protected, legal provisions must be in place at the
State level. The establishment of in situ conservation areas will not only conserve S. lumutensis,
but also help to conserve the forest ecosystem and other important, but non-targeted species,
such as tongkat ali (Eurycoma longifolia, Simaroubaceae) in Sungai Pinang.
Monitoring and Management In situ conservation Area
Monitoring is a quantitative assessment of the status of a population and its component
individuals over time (Tuxill & Nabhan 2001). Monitoring is important both before and after
legal protection of in situ conservation areas. Before protection, monitoring gives a basis for
prediction and allows a critical situation to be identified. During protection, monitoring indicates
the effectiveness of protected areas in preserving and enhancing the species they contain.
Once the conservation areas are demarcated, the areas shall be monitored at frequent intervals
to note disturbances or encroachments. Habitat protection from anthropogenic catastrophes
represents the first and the most important measure for the existence of the species in a natural
habitat. Phenological observations can be initiated during this process to check the reproductive
status and to enable seed collections.
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