Abstracts - Association for Chemoreception Sciences

More documents

Recommendations

Info

#P118 POSTER SESSION III: TRIGEMINAL; HUMAN OLFACTORY PSYCHOPHYSICS; TASTE PERIPHERY Long-term acclimation to capsaicin solutions affects taste bud volume and consumption in rats Jacquelyn M Omelian, Suzanne I Sollars University of Nebraska at Omaha/Psychology Omaha, NE, USA The effects of chronic exposure to capsaicin (the component responsible for the piquancy of chili peppers) in the gustatory system are not yet well understood; a critical consideration given capsaicin’s popularity in culinary and medicinal applications. To examine these potential effects, rats received 40 days of treatment with a 30% sucrose solution containing either a 5 ppm capsaicin (in 2.5% ethanol) or sham (2.5% ethanol) condition. Animals began exposure as neonates (P5) or adults (P40) to evaluate potential differences across development. Taste bud volumes within fungiform papillae were measured at either two or 50 days post treatment, to assess immediate or lasting effects. Animals treated with capsaicin as neonates had significantly smaller taste buds at 50 days post treatment but in no other group (neonate or adult) were there significant differences. Capsaicin is a trigeminal irritant and does not directly affect the chorda tympani-innervated taste buds, thus the difference in taste bud volumes following capsaicin exposure suggests an integrated relationship between the chorda tympani and lingual nerves in gustatory maintenance. The capsaicin concentrations used here were significantly lower than those found in nature, as treatments were limited to what animals would consume willingly. As an additional experiment, we examined whether rats develop a tolerance to capsaicin over time. To do so we gave adult animals 5 ppm capsaicin/30% sucrose solutions and then incrementally increased the quantity of capsaicin by 2.5 ppm after each 5 day period. Initial results showed animals willingly consumed higher levels of capsaicin (10 ppm) with this type of acclimation. Taste bud volume analyses for these animals will be presented, and further experiments with additional acclimation are ongoing. Acknowledgements: University of Nebraska at Omaha: Graduate Research and Creative Activities Fund #P119 POSTER SESSION III: TRIGEMINAL; HUMAN OLFACTORY PSYCHOPHYSICS; TASTE PERIPHERY Trigeminal Mediation of Mammalian Aversion to Insect Chemical Defense Compounds Paige Richards, Pamela Fazio, Alexa Ciesinski, Annalyn Welp, Deirdre Craven, Wayne Silver Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC, USA Insects release defensive chemicals as one mechanism for deterring predation and defending their territory. A wide variety of insects use the same chemicals for this purpose. We hypothesize that defensive insect chemicals used by multiple insect orders are targeting the mammalian trigeminal system and eliciting chemesthesis. In the current study, we test a number of insect defense compounds to determine if they are irritating to a mammalian predator (rat). We first determined if these defense compounds activated the trigeminal nerve by recording from the ethmoid branch and monitoring respiration while perfusing stimuli through the rat’s nasal cavity. Using these methods, we determined that all of the tested compounds except tetradecane activate the rat trigeminal nerve. Then, we examined behavioral aversion responses to these compounds by placing a rat in a square plexiglass arena with petri dishes in each corner. After a period of habituation, an insect chemical defense compound was added to one of the four petri dishes and the movement of the rat recorded. Ethovision XT (Noldus) was used to analyze whether rats spent less time in the irritant containing corner. Rats were behaviorally averse to most compounds at concentrations similar to those released by insects. By imaging primary cultures of rat trigeminal ganglia using a calcium responsive dye, we have confirmed the activation of the trigeminal system by insect chemical defense compounds. Additional experiments are underway to determine the specific receptor targets of these chemicals using a heterologous expression system. In the future, we will be doing similar work with chickens to determine the role of the trigeminal system in avian responses to insect defense compounds. Acknowledgements: WFU Center for Molecular Communication and Signaling #P120 POSTER SESSION III: TRIGEMINAL; HUMAN OLFACTORY PSYCHOPHYSICS; TASTE PERIPHERY Cholingeric Neurotransmission Links Solitary Chemosensory Cells To Nasal Inflammation CJ Saunders 1,2 , Thomas E Finger 1,2 , Marco Tizzano 1 1 Rocky Mtn Taste & Smell Center, Univ Colo School of Medicine Aurora, CO, USA, 2 Neuroscience Program, Univ Colo School of Medicine Aurora, CO, USA Solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) are specialized epithelial chemosensors that respond to “bitter” substances via the canonical taste transduction cascade (T2Rs, Ga-gustducin and TRPM5). When stimulated, SCCs release a hitherto unidentified neurotransmitter onto peptidergic nociceptive trigeminal fibers. Activation of these nociceptive fibers triggers neurogenic inflammation via NK1 (substance P) receptors on capillaries causing local plasma extravasation (Tizzano & Finger, AChemS 2012). How SCCs activate nerve fibers is unknown. In the present study, we show that choline acetyltransferase, the synthetic enzyme for acetylcholine (ACh), is present in SCCs. Previous studies have shown nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChR) on trigeminal fibers. Thus, all elements for cholinergic neurotransmission are present in the SCC-trigeminal system. To test if SCC-mediated inflammation requires activation of nAChRs, we measured SCC-evoked plasma extravasation in mice stimulated unilaterally with denatonium benzoate (20 μL, 10mM). Prior to chemical stimulation, mice were injected i.p. with either saline or the nAChR-antagonist Mecamylamine (Mec). Under urethane anesthesia, the right naris was stimulated with denatonium, and the mouse injected i.v. with Alexa555- conjugated albumin. Heads were bisected and fluorescence POSTER PRESENTATIONS Abstracts are printed as submitted by the author(s). 74
intensity in the nasal epithelium was quantified. A one-way ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference between the three experimental groups [F(2,12)=17.03; p
Page 1 and 2:
AChemS Association for Chemorecepti
Page 4 and 5:
Table of Contents 2013 AChemS Meeti
Page 6 and 7:
2013 Annual Meeting Exhibitors EXHI
Page 8 and 9:
2013 Awardees We are pleased to ann
Page 10 and 11:
Oral Abstracts #1 GIVAUDAN LECTURE:
Page 12 and 13:
#9 INDUSTRY SYMPOSIUM: TASTE AND SM
Page 14 and 15:
#17 PLATFORM PRESENTATIONS: OLFACTI
Page 16 and 17:
maintenance; demonstrate a contribu
Page 18 and 19:
self renew, as well as produce post
Page 20 and 21:
#35 SYMPOSIUM: NEW APPROACHES TO PH
Page 22 and 23:
auditory cues anticipating the gene
Page 24 and 25: #46 PLATFORM PRESENTATIONS: TASTE P
Page 26 and 27: #51 SYMPOSIUM: EXPERIENCE DRIVEN PL
Page 28 and 29: #57 SYMPOSIUM: THE NEW ‘FACES’
Page 30 and 31: Poster Presentations #P1 POSTER SES
Page 32 and 33: For patients not involved in litiga
Page 34 and 35: show increased high-fat food avidit
Page 36 and 37: suggest that latency of the N1 OERP
Page 38 and 39: #P23 POSTER SESSION I: MULTIMODAL R
Page 42 and 43: and/or bitter taste are expressed n
Page 46 and 47: the mOR-EG receptor and MUPP1 and i
Page 48 and 49: odor responses. Recently, transient
Page 50 and 51: women; mean age 23.4 years; range 2
Page 52 and 53: #P61 POSTER SESSION II: OLFACTION D
Page 58 and 59: axons into the olfactory bulb where
Page 60 and 61: with the latency of quinine-induced
Page 62 and 63: allows visualization and quantifica
Page 64 and 65: via iontophoretic injection in the
Page 66 and 67: pharmacological inhibition of synap
Page 68 and 69: #P102 POSTER SESSION II: OLFACTION
Page 76 and 77: nerve fibers. Nasal SCCs respond to
Page 78 and 79: study was to develop a paradigm for
Page 80 and 81: work was also partly supported by T
Page 82 and 83: 3.3 mm) placed at the olfactory cle
Page 84 and 85: #P145 POSTER SESSION III: TRIGEMINA
Page 86 and 87: taste qualities mice can identify i
Page 88 and 89: These results indicate that IL-1b r
Page 90 and 91: The purified protein was characteri
Page 92 and 93: #P167 POSTER SESSION IV: CHEMICAL S
Page 94 and 95: glutamate and monopotassium glutama
Page 96 and 97: from postoral sites are integrated
Page 102 and 103: is predominant in Asians. The G180R
Page 104 and 105: conserved regions of the AOB. Here
Page 114 and 115: early postnatal period. This shift
Page 116 and 117: #P222 POSTER SESSION V: HUMAN TASTE
Page 120 and 121: ut this was always the first trial.
Page 124 and 125:
The taste test intraclass correlati
Page 126 and 127:
#P247 POSTER SESSION V: HUMAN TASTE
Page 128 and 129:
epressive sequence contains binding
Page 130 and 131:
Author Index Abdelhamid, Mostafa -
Page 132 and 133:
Author Index, continued Dillon, T S
Page 134 and 135:
Author Index, continued Karunanayak
Page 136 and 137:
Author Index, continued Müller, Ch
Page 138 and 139:
Author Index, continued Storace, Do
Page 140 and 141:
Visual Program-at-a-Glance Posters
Page 142 and 143:
A NNUAL AChemS Association for Chem
show all

Abstracts - Association for Chemoreception Sciences

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?