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Frontiers of the Roman Empire – Ripa Pannonica in Hungary (RPH) Nomination statement RPH Nr. Name element of nominated property buffer zone 103. limes road (B) 2.48 4.26 6.74 104. Arrabona – 11 way station 0.55 limes road (C) 0.98 ∑ 131.89 133.42 105. Arrabona – 4 watch tower 1.10 5.38 6.48 106. Arrabona – 2 watch tower 0.58 16.64 17.22 107. Arrabona – I camp 2.13 18.47 20.60 108. Arrabona fort and vicus 24.31 3.71 28.02 109. limes road 2.86 20.41 23.27 110. Quadrata – 3 watch tower 0.61 limes road 3.50 4.00 8.11 111. limes road 7.89 129.35 137.24 112. Quadrata – 5 watch tower 0.24 6.39 6.63 113. Quadrata – I camp? 2.12 13.70 15.82 114. Quadrata – 2 fortified river port? 0.06 0.86 0.92 115. Quadrata fort 4.67 Quadrata vicus 6.91 34.56 46.14 116. limes road (A) 8.94 94.58 103.52 117. Ad Flexum vicus 7.59 8.33 15.92 118. limes road (B) 0.48 limes road (C) 0.82 53.73 55.03 119. limes road (D) 17.61 147.49 165.10 120. Ad Flexum – 4 fortified river port? 0.01 5.27 5.28 121. Gerulata – 4 watch tower 0.93 160.83 161.76 ∑ 903.64 4622.00 5525.64 26
Frontiers of the Roman Empire – Ripa Pannonica in Hungary (RPH) Nomination statement 2. Description 2.a Description of Property 2.a.1 The Danube Valley in Hungary – An Introduction to the Site The Roman-era limes border defense system in Hungary relied on the Danube River. The Hungarian section of the 2,850 km long Danube is 417 km, 142 km of which comprise the border between Hungary and Slovakia. The river flows through the territory of Győr-Moson-Sopron, Komárom-Esztergom, Pest, Fejér, Tolna, Baranya and Bács-Kiskun counties and Budapest. Today the Danube crosses the border of the Alps and the Carpathians at the Devín Gate (“Porta Hungarica”) and arrives in the Little Hungarian Plain below Bratislava, where it flows in a southeastern direction across the alluvial fan it has deposited and continues to shape. Together with its Moson Danube branch it encircles the Szigetköz region on its right bank and on its left bank in Slovakia, it flanks the Žitný Ostrov region along with the Váh River. Not far after the city of Győr the Danube turns and flows on in an easterly direction. Then, from Esztergom it cuts an S curve to the east through the narrow valley between the Visegrád and Börzsöny mountains and turns to the south. Leaving the town of Vác the river enters into the Great Hungarian Plain and traverses the most extensive flatlands of the Carpathian Basin in a north-south direction. The depositional and erosional activities of the Danube in its Hungarian portion changes in sections. In the northwest on the Little Hungarian Plain, depositional activity and sedimentation is characteristic of the section between the national border and Gönyű, where the river drops the most. In the stretch between Gönyű and Esztergom sedimentation is also characteristic for the most part, although there are also sections here where erosion is slightly greater than deposition. “In the Visegrád Strait the erosional activity, the washing away of sediment, is generally greater than the deposition that can be noticed intermittently. So here the characteristic of the section, even if it is weak, is to tend to cut into the bends. Between Vác, Budapest and Rácalmás, not including the characteristics of numerous transitional stretches in short sections, the sedimentation of the channel is stronger in the branches silting up into meanders than alongside parts of the main channel that cut into the bends in areas. From Rácalmás to the area of Kalocsa the river winds and there are some short sections where erosion and some where sedimentation comes to the forefront to a certain degree, but the two equal each other.” “Below Kalocsa, in the Sárköz and Mohács sections of the Danube the sedimentation of the channel and particularly the present flood plain is increasingly distinct…” (Dr. Pécsi Márton: A magyarországi Duna-völgy kialakulása és felszínalaktana. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1959.) To the south of Budapest, the southerly flowing Danube is shifting to the west (the Coriolis effect). However, the Roman remains, the limes road and the forts help us in understanding the precise location of the shoreline of the Danube in Roman times. “The floodplain of the Danube in the Little Hungarian Plain is of enormous extent, and it is barely possible to lay down its precise boundary. We cannot even speak of the ‘Danube Valley’ between Bratislava and Komárom, this section can be called the Little Hungarian Plain alluvial fan lowlands. From Dunaalmás, however, the large valley of the flood plain narrows considerably, but soon widens again and stretches out all the way to Esztergom in a flat spindle shape. In the straits of the Visegrád Valley it is just a narrow strip that only broadens in a few places. The flood plain beginning from Vác and onto Budapest is similar to that between Dunaalmás and Esztergom, slightly broad but even here the Danube has a well defined valley.” (Dr. Pécsi Márton: A magyarországi Duna-völgy kialakulása és felszínalaktana. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1959.) 27
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