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Frontiers of the Roman Empire – Ripa Pannonica in Hungary (RPH) Nomination statement element of nominated property buffer zone RPH Nr. Name excavation conservation exhibition danger excavation conservation exhibition danger 110. Quadrata – 3 watch tower N N N N limes road N N N N N N N N 111. limes road N N N N N N N N 112. Quadrata – 5 watch tower N N N N N N N N 113. Quadrata – I camp? Y N N N N N N N 114. Quadrata – 2 fortified river port? Y N N N N N N N 115. Quadrata fort Y N N N Quadrata vicus N N N N N N N N 116. limes road (A) N N N N N N N N 117. Ad Flexum vicus Y N N N N N N N 118. limes road (B) N N N N limes road (C) N N N N N N N N 119. limes road (D) N N N N N N N N 120. Ad Flexum – 4 fortified river port? Y N N N N N N N 121. Gerulata – 4 watch tower Y N N N N N N N 4.a.2 Legal Framework for Protection Hungary’s heritage preservation system has many levels. The protection of the World Heritage was set down in a separate law, Law LXXVII of 2011, which will take effect on January 1 st 2012. This law lays down that only those areas that enjoy protection as heritage or natural sites can be declared as part of the World Heritage. The utilization of the areas on the World Heritage List and the tentative list in a manner that serves their protection, survival and the retention of their character is in the public interest. The minister responsible for culture will ensure that the state of the World Heritage sites are monitored, and that the fundamental rule during the course of preserving their character is to cooperate with civic organizations that deal with cultural heritage preservation, or in the case of natural sites those that deal with nature conservation. Law LXIV of 2001 on the preservation of cultural heritage creates a proper framework for the preservation of World Heritage sites and provides for the protection of archaeological remains and historic properties. The Hungarian heritage preservation laws and decrees are in accordance with the valid international conventions and agreements. The National Office of Cultural Heritage sees to the measures taken to provide sites with protection, as well as the supervision of this protection. 60
Frontiers of the Roman Empire – Ripa Pannonica in Hungary (RPH) Nomination statement The system for implementing this protection is ensured by Law XXVI of 2003 on the National Regional Development Plan, as well as Law LXXVIII of 1997 on the protection and shaping of the built and natural environment, and Law LXV of 1990 on local governments. The system for archaeological protection differs from the protection of historic properties. That is, every archaeological site is placed under legal protection independent of its notoriety or its state of excavation, while only those structures that the authorized minister registers as protected receive the status of protected historic properties. Consequently all Hungarian material remains of the Ripa Pannonica are – ex lege – protected by law. The law can establish three degrees of archaeological protection: “general archaeological protection”, “protection as an archaeological site of regional significance” and “protection as an archaeological site of national significance”. However, general protection is afforded to all known or unexpectedly discovered archaeological sites, it is important that every proposed site at least receive the status of “protected archaeological site of regional significance”. Only this can ensure comprehensive protection in the regional development and regional or town planning, as well as investment processes. The general protection set down in the law only makes preventive or rescue excavations mandatory, which while they are sufficient for the preservation of the material finds discovered, only in rare cases do these result in modifications to the plans whose outcome makes it possible to preserve the remains together with the context of the entire site. The surviving remains from the Hungarian section of the Ripa Pannonica can be placed in three fundamental categories for their states of conservation. There are excavated remains that are conserved or rehabilitated as historic properties; there are remains that have been excavated and registered with excavation documentation and records, but have been re-interred or that have been covered over by construction; and there are those that have been identified, but have not been excavated. All three types are protected, but the degree of their protection can differ. We further point out that in relation to both the nominated property and the buffer zones, the given level of protection can either relates to the entire site or only a portion of it. In Hungary the maintenance and proper upkeep of heritage sites is in general the duty of the owner. Besides insignificant exceptions, the excavated remains of the Ripa Pannonica are in the ownership of the state, local governments or sometimes the Church. The sphere of private ownership for the most part extends to the sites that are unexcavated and are under agricultural cultivation or built-in areas. If the obligation for maintenance is neglected, the law provides for official measures to enforce compliance. The precise, ortophoto maps, descriptions and the photographs all made for the nomination statement are suitable for the monitoring of the state of conservation for the individual sites included in the Ripa Pannonica. 4.b Factors Affecting the Property (i) Development Pressures, Encroachment, Agriculture, Mining The development pressures and encroachment are under official state supervision in Hungary: A separate law regulates the rights and obligations related to historic and archaeological sites. Of the normal official local governmental affairs, the jurisdiction over building regulations related to historic 61
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