Names of Cereals in the Turkic Languages - Wydział Filologiczny UJ

76 darikan || Rye– The Uyg. ž- in place of the expected ǯ- or č- is not clear to us, not least becausein Uyg. (at least in its liter. version), all the three consonants exist in anlaut(see e.g. Tömür 2003).– The Uzb. alternation of -a- / -o- ~ -ä- is presumably to be explained by the palatalizinginfluence of č, quite common in the Tkc. languages, and a secondaryadaptation of the second syllable to the vowel harmony.– In Trkm. and Uyg. there appears a final -i / -y. Although we cannot prove itdirectly, we suppose that they are of entirely different origin:ئنقالبي ‘economical’ or ئقتسادي Uyg. – The Uyg. -i is an adjective suffix (cf. e.g.‘revolutionary’ (Tömür 2003: 121f.) ). (Lack of the i umlaut results from theoriginal length of the vowel of the final syllable in the Pers. source; cf. Jarring1933: 91: ‘Der Vokal in dieser [final] Silbe ist immer a oder u’.)– The Trkm. final -ry could in theory be a harmonized version of *čavdari,abstracted from a *čavdari bugdaj (?)-like compound. Since, however, such acompound is not attested, the proposition of Eren 1999, to explain the final -yby a contamination with Trkm. dary ‘millet’, seems to be more probable.Such a solution would cast some light on the order in which the Tkc. peoples learnedabout these cereals; similarly köktarā (cf.) suggests such an ordering for Tuv.3. On naming ‘rye’ with the name for ‘wheat’, cf. kara bugdaj.darikanforms: dargan, darikan, darkān, tereke Tksh.dial.: Dankoff 1995: 702etymology:1995: Dankoff: 702: < Arm. տարեկան tarekan ‘rye’1999: Eren: < Arm. (after Dankoff 1995: 702)commentary:Dankoff’s 1995: 72 etymology is probably true (although cf. also (Arm. >) Kurd. tarigan,Dankoff 1995: 702). His Arm. etymology also seems to be very plausible: < տարի tari‘year’, liter. ‘annual’ > ‘harvest’ > ‘rye’, which easily explains such Tksh.dial. meanings astereke ‘cereal’, tereklik ‘vegetable garden’ or tereke ‘wheat’ (cf.) &c., if assuming a borrowingfrom before the semantic shift in Arm. (attested in Ott. since the 14 th c.).jadyganforms:čadagan Sag.: ‘Winterrogen’ VEWT 177ačadygan Šr.: VEWT 177ajadagan Oyr.: RAltS, Dmitrieva 1972jadygan Sag.: Eren 1999 s.v. çavdar || Šr.: Eren 1999 s.v. çavdar, R III 211bjadygan aryš Küär.: R III 203bjatkan Küär.: R III 203bjatkan aryš Küär.: R I 278b