Wheat || bugdaj 91buγdoj Uyg.: RUjgSA || Uzb.: RUzbS-A, RUzbS-Š, Dmitrieva 1972buγudaj Uyg.: Menges 1933, ÈSTJabujdaj Kirg.: Mašanovъ 1899 || Kzk.: Joki 1952, VEWT || Tob.: VEWTbujδaj Bšk.: ÈSTJabuldej Tksh.dial.: UAburaj Bšk.: Räsänen 1946: 198, VEWTbūtaj Oyr.dial.: ÈSTJa || Tuv.: Tatar<strong>in</strong>cev 2000–buvdaj Kklp.: Tatar<strong>in</strong>cev 2000– || Uzb.dial.: ÈSTJapări Čuv.: Anatri ‘spelt’, Róna-Tas 1990: 31pogtə Sal.: ÈSTJapöri Čuv.: ‘spelt’ VEWTpŏri Čuv.: Virjal Róna-Tas 1990: 31pūdaj Kirg.: Joki 1952 || Küär.: Joki 1952 || Oyr.: Joki 1952, ÈSTJa || Šr.: Joki 1952 ||Tel.: Ryum<strong>in</strong>a-Sırkaşeva 1995 || Tuv.: Tatar<strong>in</strong>cev 2000–pugdaj Brb.: VEWT || Khak.: Dmitrieva 1972, RChakSlanguages:Az.: bugda || Blk.: budaj || Brb.: pugdaj || Bšk.: bodaj, bödåj, böδaj, bojδaj, bojzaj, boraj, bujδaj, buraj|| Com.: bugdaj || CTat.: bogdaj, budgaj || Čag.: bogdaj, budgaj, bugdaj || Čuv.: pări, pöri, pŏri ||Gag.: bodaj, bōdaj, bŭdaj || Kar.: bogdaj, budgaj || KarC.: bogdaj || KarH: budaj || KarT: budaj|| Khak.: pugdaj || Khal.: bogda, bugda || Kirg.: bijdaj, būdaj, bujdaj, pūdaj || Kklp.: bidaj, bijdaj,būdaj, buvdaj || Kmk.: bidaj, budaj || Krč.Blk.: bidaj, budaj || Küär.: pūdaj || Kzk.: bidaj, bīdaj, bijdaj,boraj, bugdaj, bujdaj || MTkc.H: bodaj, bogdaj, budaj, bugdaj || MTkc.IM: bugdaj || MTkc.KM:bugda, bugdaj || MTkc.MA.B: bugdaj || MTkc.MK: bugdāj || Nog.: bijdaj || Oghuz.Ir.: bugda|| OTkc.: budgaj, bugdaj || Ott.: bogdaj, bojdaj, budgaj || Oyr.: būdaj, būdoj, pūdaj || Oyr.dial.:būtaj || Sal.: bogdaj, bŭdaj, pogtə || Šr.: bugdaj, pūdaj || Tat.: bodaj, bödåj, bōdaj, bödoj, bögdaj, bögdoj,bōgōdaj, boraj, böraj, böråj, bŭdaj, bugda || Tat.Gr.: bogdaj || Tel.: pūdaj || Tksh.: bugda, bugdaj ||Tksh.dial.: buldej || Tob.: bugdaj, bujdaj || Trkm.: bogdaj, budgaj || Tuv.: budaj, bŭdaj, būtaj, pūdaj|| Uyg.: boγdaj, buγdaj, buγdoj, buγudaj || Uzb.: buddaj, bugdaj, buγdoj || Uzb.dial.: buvdajetymology (an overview <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most important propositions):Tkc. bugdaj:1946: Räsänen: 198: Bšk. buråj, Kzk. boraj-bijdajy, Tat. böråj < Čuv. păry &c.1952: Joki: < OCh<strong>in</strong>. m w ɒk ‘wheat’ or OCh<strong>in</strong>.N. *m w ok id. + OCh<strong>in</strong>. lậi ‘wheat’ 54Tkc. budγaj is a meta<strong>the</strong>sis; Mo. ~ (or
92 bugdaj || Wheat1969: VEWT: OTkc. buγudaj < Mo. buγudaj1972: Clauson: OTkc. buğdāj, buğdaj1972: Dmitrieva: only <strong>in</strong>dicates a comparison with OTkc. boguz ‘xлeб в зeрнe; фураж’,boj ‘пажитник’1974: ÈSTJa: summarizes and comments on o<strong>the</strong>r propositions without <strong>of</strong>fer<strong>in</strong>g its own.It only proposes to assume <strong>the</strong> possibility <strong>of</strong> f<strong>in</strong>al -g <strong>in</strong>stead <strong>of</strong> -j, however,bas<strong>in</strong>g solely on Uzb.dial. forms buγdaγ ~ buγdək. What seems to be moreprobable is an expansion <strong>of</strong> orig<strong>in</strong>al *boguda (see tkc. forms below) with acommon suffix -(a)k on <strong>the</strong> Uzb. ground. Such an explanation is not <strong>in</strong> contradictionto <strong>the</strong> commonness <strong>of</strong> f<strong>in</strong>al -j <strong>in</strong> almost all Tkc. languages – whichsuggests a very old derivation – as -a forms appear quite <strong>of</strong>ten <strong>in</strong> dialects,especially <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Az. and Tksh. ones (cf. e.g. Tksh.dial. bağda ÈSTJa; boğdaAA, RA; byjda OA; Az.dial. boγda, buγda ÈSTJa) which leads us to believethat <strong>the</strong> non-dem<strong>in</strong>utive (see etymology below) form must have been <strong>in</strong>use for quite a long period.2000: Tatar<strong>in</strong>cev: *bug/k (nom<strong>in</strong>al or verbal) ‘greater quantity; multiplication;spread<strong>in</strong>g’ for multiple gra<strong>in</strong>s on <strong>the</strong> ear + <strong>the</strong> -(α)d- suffix form<strong>in</strong>g verbs >‘накапливаться, скапливаться (напр., о зернах в клосе)’ + suffixes form<strong>in</strong>gnouns -(a)j, -a and -(a)g.To support <strong>the</strong> reconstructed *bug ~ *buk <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g examples are listed:Yak. buguj ‘пододвигать с краев к середине горяаще в костре дрова’, OUyg.puklun ‘накоплять’, Lob. bug-ana(k) ‘насыпанные, пригнанные ветром бугрыпеску около деревьев’ and o<strong>the</strong>rs, also Kzk. bukpa ‘густая каша’, OTkc. boγuz‘хлеб в зерне; фураж’, Uyg. bogaz (<strong>in</strong> aš bogaz), boguz ~ bogus ‘провиант длалюдей; корм для скота’, and f<strong>in</strong>ally Tkc. bug ~ bugu ‘пар, испарения, дым’and such co<strong>in</strong>cidences as Kklp. buvdaj ‘wheat’ : buv ‘steam’ &c., and o<strong>the</strong>rs.This proposition does not seem to be particularly conv<strong>in</strong>c<strong>in</strong>g. The reconstruction<strong>of</strong> *bug/k with <strong>the</strong> above mean<strong>in</strong>g is perhaps not so well grounded. Also <strong>the</strong>question <strong>of</strong> alternat<strong>in</strong>g o ~ u <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> first syllable rema<strong>in</strong>s unsolved, particularlyas it would be very hard to expla<strong>in</strong> it by us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> assumption <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> orig<strong>in</strong>al*u. Also <strong>the</strong> explanation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> differences <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> auslaut <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Tkc. formsappears too brief.2002: Tietze: < OTkc. buγdaj (accord<strong>in</strong>g to Clauson 1972)Čuv. pări:1946: Räsänen: 25f.: = Tkc. bugdaj1973: Brands: 45: = Tkc. bugdaj1977: Scherner: 17: late Bulgh. *buraj < early Bulgh. *buzaj < Tkc. *buγδaj ‘wheat’1990: Róna-Tas: 31: Čuv.Virjal pŏri, Anatri pări < OTkc. buγdaj; mean<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>fluencedby Russ. pyrej ‘spelt’.Róna-Tas assumes a disappearance <strong>of</strong> γ, spirantization <strong>of</strong> d > z, <strong>the</strong> Chuvash rhotacismand later, a reduction <strong>of</strong> u, yield<strong>in</strong>g f<strong>in</strong>ally pŏri <strong>in</strong> Virjal and pări <strong>in</strong> Anatri. Anexplanation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> phonetic evolution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> last syllable is somewhat miss<strong>in</strong>g.