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IRRI today 173donors. The reduction in funding by the two foundations is consistent with apolicy common to both of supporting worthwhile projects in the initial keystages and, after the enterprises have been given a successful start, of divertingfoundation resources to other new ventures. The support is decreased graduallyand only when the foundations are reasonably sure that other sources offunds, either national or international, are available for continuing the workthat has been begun.The greatest relative increase in contributions among the eight earlierdonors came from Japan whose appropriation to IRRI in 1980 was almost 25times larger than in 1972. The only donor to maintain its proportional supportof the Institute through the years is USAID, whose support in 1980 constitutedalmost the same percent of IRRI’s budget as it had in 1972. That means that theamount increased greatly, the 1980 contribution of $6,929,990 representing thelargest sum provided to the Institute by a single donor.The chief donors that started supporting IRRI after 1972 and continue to doso today are the European Economic Community (EEC), the United NationsDevelopment Programme (UNDP), the International Development Association(IDA), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), theOPEC Special Fund, and the various foreign aid agencies of Australia, Canada,Denmark, Indonesia (World Bank funds), Philippines, Sweden, Switzerland,and West Germany.Although the phenomenal success of IRRI’s fund raising is partly attributableto the existence of the CGIAR, which mobilized worldwide support for theinternational agricultural research centers, substantial credit is due DirectorGeneral Brady for his highly rewarding efforts in persuading donors to makespecial grants to the Institute.SOME MAJOR PROGRAM ACTIVITIESBecause IRRI’s program today is so complex, an outline of the organizationalstructure of the Institute precedes here the description of selected key activities.As it has been from the beginning, IRRI is organized on a departmental basisand a major part of its research program is conducted at Institute headquartersin Los Baños. This broad-based and intensive program is largely of a fundamentalnature, involving the development of breeding materials and oftechniques and methodology in the numerous areas of chiefly rice research inwhich IRRI is engaged. Many of the research results — to which literallyhundreds of pages in IRRI’s latest annual reports are devoted — can be appliedbroadly throughout the rice-growing regions of the world.The scientists that are conducting this fundamental research are involved inmany of the Institute’s other activities, such as international networks and thegenetic evaluation and utilization (GEU) program (both described later in thischapter), the training program, and collaborative studies with scientists innational programs.IRRI’s extensive program in communications and information services includesconferences, workshops, and symposia (about 12 a year with a total of
174 History of the International Rice Research Institutesome 600 participants from around the world), and the editing and publicationof the research results not only via the annual reports but in many other formsas well (as described later).IRRI has some 30 scientists assigned to outreach programs in 10 countriesor regions: Africa (through IITA), Bangladesh, Burma, Egypt, India, Indonesia,Latin America (through CIAT), Pakistan, the Philippines (treated as a foreigncountry for outreach work), and Thailand.Described briefly in this section, as examples of programs that have expandedconsiderably or that have a new focus, are the following activities: thegenetic evaluation and utilization program, the international networks, thecropping systems program, studies of constraints to high yields, agriculturalengineering, the publications program, and intensified relations with scientistsand administrators in the People’s Republic of China.Genetic evaluation and utilization (GEU) programAfter Brady became director (mid-1973), he concluded that IRRI’s organizationon a strictly departmental basis was less conducive to cooperation amongscientists than was desirable. He believed that the development of rice varietiesfor specific environments would proceed more rapidly and successfully ifinterdisciplinary teams of scientists were formed to attack the problems.Separate GEU teams were formed for the following areas of investigation:• agronomic characteristics,• resistance to insects,• resistance to diseases,• grain quality,• protein content of grain,• tolerance for drought,• tolerance for adverse soil conditions,• tolerance for deep water and floods, and• tolerance for extreme temperature.The disease resistance team, for example, consisted in 1974 of plant breederKhush and pathologists Ou, Ling, and Kauffman. The members of the proteinteam that year were Juliano, cereal chemist; Coffman, plant breeder; Chang,geneticist; De Datta, agronomist; and Gomez, statistician. In 1977, the droughttolerance team was composed of De Datta and J.C. O'Toole, agronomists;Yoshida, plant physiologist; and Chang, functioning in this project as a plantbreeder.The GEU teams serve as think tanks. In their planning sessions, they developa research strategy and decide which scientists should pursue the variousaspects of the studies to be undertaken.Obviously, the success of the GEU effort depends on the germplasmcollection for new breeding materials and on the international rice testingprogram for evaluating the progeny of the crossing program.Although, as mentioned, IRRI maintains its separate departments, thecreation of the GEU program has been extremely successful. IRRI scientistscooperated to a considerable degree before the GEU was set up, but such
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An Adventurein Applied Science:A HI
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ContentsDedication viiAbout this pu
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About this publication . . .In 20 y
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xiname, and release varieties. Thus
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PrefaceThe International Rice Resea
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CHAPTER 1An international institute
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An international institute for rice
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CHAPTER 2Developing and staffingthe
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Developing and staffing the program
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86 History of the International Ric
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Princess (now Queen)Beatrix of theN
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Establishing administrative policie
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In the early years, IRRIused its ow
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Chapter 4Early Researchand training
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Early research and training results
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Page 133 and 134: Early research and training results
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Page 163 and 164: Financing of IRRI 149foreign assist
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Page 181 and 182: Aerial view of IRRI in1981.However,
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Page 192 and 193: IRRI today 181neering Department: K
Page 194 and 195: IRRI today 183In spite of this high
Page 196 and 197: IRRI today 185turn, received geneti
Page 198 and 199: IRRI today 1871. Research to assist
Page 200 and 201: Appendices 189materials could readi
Page 202 and 203: Appendix 2OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENTINTER
Page 204 and 205: Appendices 193ate to concentrate on
Page 206 and 207: Appendices 195estimates for buildin
Page 208 and 209: Appendices 197(4) Development of pr
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Page 216 and 217: Appendices 205Article VIIMISCELLANE
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