The Ecology of Hydric Hammocks - USGS National Wetlands ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

CHAPTER 3. VEGETATION OF HYDRIC HAMMOCKSSet amid the marshes, prairies, andpine flatwoods of Florida, hammocksare conspicuous in their height anddensity of vegetation. A closedcanopy and, often, the dominance ofbroad-1 eaved evergreen species (Harper1915; Laessle 1942; Monk 1965; Greller1980) create heavy shade within astand. The lush, jungle-1 i ke appearanceof some hydric hammocks (Figure17) t;e::c; 5 !1~152?y tc~pcra:eflora. Many species, including sweetgum,live and swamp laurel oaks, redmap1 e, and sugarberry (Celtis laevigata),range far to the north as wellas throughout Florida.Virtually all of the plant speciescommon to hydric hammocks (Table 4)are included in other communities.Only pink-root (Spigel ia loganioides),an herb, is known to bc en3ccicFigure 17. A large sweetgum in dense hydric hammock along Tiger Creek, Florida. Rows of holesOn the trunk are from repeated feeding by overwintering yellow-bellied sapsuckers.20
Table 4. Plants occurring in hydric hammocksa. Abundance classes are abundant (A), common (C),occasional (O), and rare (R).Scientific name Common name AbundanceWoody Pl ants:Acer barbatumAcer negundoAcer rubrumAescu7us paviaAmpel opsis arboreaBaccharis halimifoliaBerchemia scandensBignonia capreol ataBumelia reclinataCa7 1 icarpa americanaCamps is radicansCarpinus carol inianaCarya aquat icaCarya glabraCe7tis laevigataCercis canadensisCornus foeminaCrataegus viridisCrataegus marshalliiDecumaria barbaraDiospyros virginianaEugenia axil larisForest iera 7 igustrinaFraxinus carol inianaFraxinus paucif loraFraxinus pennsylvanicaGeisemium se~npervl rensGleditsia aquaticaGordonia lasianthusHypericum hypericoidesIlex cassine17ex coriacea17ex deciduaIlex glabra17ex opacaIlex vomitoriaI1 7 icium parviflorumItea virginicaJuniperus si 7 icico7aLiquidambar styracifluaLiriodendron tulipiferaLyonia lucidaMagnolia virginianaMorus rubraMyrica ceriferaNyssa sylvatica var. bif lordParthenocissus quinquefo7iaPersea palustrisFlorida map1 ebox-elderred maplered buckeyepepper vinegroundselrattan vinecross vinebuckthornbeautyberrytrumpet creeperhornbeamwater hickorypignut hickorysugarberryredbudswamp dogwoodgreen hawparsley hawcl imbing hydrangeapersimmonwhite stopperprivetpop ashswamp ashgreen ashyellow jessaminewater-1 ocustloblolly-baySt. Andrew's-crossdahoonbig gal 1 berrypossum-hawgal 1 berryAmerican hol lyyauponyellow aniseVirginia-willowsouthern red-cedarsweetgumtulip treefetterbushsweetbayred mu1 berrywax-myrtl eswamp tupeloVirginia creeperswampbay(Continued)
Page 2 and 3: Copies of this publication may be o
Page 4 and 5: DISCLAIMERThe opinions and recommen
Page 6 and 7: CONVERSION TABLEMetric to U.S. Cust
Page 8 and 9: FIGURESNumber1AL...............Dist
Page 10 and 11: NumberTABLESPaqeClassifications of
Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION"Hammock, ho
Page 15 and 16: whereas hydric hammock is a still-w
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER 2. PHYSICAL SElTiNG2.3 CLIM
Page 19 and 20: Recent and PIe~sIoLene sands clay m
Page 21 and 22: ern vegetation associations formed-
Page 23 and 24: Table 3. Comparison of surface soil
Page 25 and 26: throughout the year in Florida, and
Page 27 and 28: Figure 13. Flooding and drydown of
Page 29 and 30: +southari:magnolla+-------cabbage p
Page 31: frequency may be once per year in f
Page 35 and 36: Table 4. (Continued).Scientific nam
Page 37 and 38: of the subcanopy and shrub layers i
Page 39 and 40: sites were not chosen randomly;rath
Page 41 and 42: When present in a hydric hammock,ca
Page 43 and 44: hydric harriniock forests. These sp
Page 45 and 46: was the most frequent shrub in the
Page 47 and 48: Gulf Hammock is rep1 aced abruptly
Page 49 and 50: A sequence of changes in plantmat a
Page 51 and 52: I ~ U mapleswamp laurel oak 3:1100b
Page 53 and 54: The salt concentration of hydricham
Page 55 and 56: Cabbage palm is the most fire-toler
Page 57 and 58: frequent fires, a1 though timber ha
Page 59: Figure 38. Tree blowdowns due to hu
Page 62 and 63: locally collected litter lost 85% o
Page 64 and 65: Table 7. Occurrence of reptiles and
Page 66 and 67: Table 8. Occurrence of reptiles and
Page 68 and 69: 4.3 BIRDS4.3.1 Community StructureM
Page 70 and 71: Table 11. (Concluded).- ----Variabl
Page 72 and 73: and cerambyci d beet1 es) . Unl i k
Page 74 and 75: no specific habitat preference; it
Page 76 and 77: not take place in years of mast fai
Page 78 and 79: Graves 1977). These observations su
Page 80 and 81: Consumption of fleshy fruits by res
Page 82 and 83:
CHAPTER 6. LINKAGES WITH OTHER ECOS
Page 84:
R Amerlcan swallow-tailed kite b. t
Page 87:
Conner, W.H., and J.W. Day, Jr. 197
Page 90 and 91:
Duck foods in managed tidalimpoundm
Page 92 and 93:
Puri, M,S., 3.W, Yon, and W.R.Ogles
Page 94 and 95:
Wharton, C.H. 1977. The naturalenvi
show all

The Ecology of Hydric Hammocks - USGS National Wetlands ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?